{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117481827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3","title":"A multi-UAV rapid post-disaster search and rescue method based on deep reinforcement learning","display_name":"A multi-UAV rapid post-disaster search and rescue method based on deep reinforcement learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117481827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083227933","display_name":"Li Jing Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2786-5958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121519507","display_name":"Haixia Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083227933"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"fwci":2.9094,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94035543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.83160001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.83160001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8047999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7002999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-sampling","display_name":"Adaptive sampling","score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.34369999170303345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8047999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7121000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7002999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781395549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680762","display_name":"Adaptive sampling","level":3,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777019822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390066","display_name":"Containment (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741964","display_name":"Search and rescue","level":3,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73602740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7795822","display_name":"Thompson sampling","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20353970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056998","display_name":"Simple random sample","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad3cc7891aa943a1a9df90a48b0107ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad3cc7891aa943a1a9df90a48b0107ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02166-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8017289638519287,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5135648970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327639","display_name":"Centre Scientifique et Technique du B\u00e2timent","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsd1928"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117481827.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117481827.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973021099","https://openalex.org/W2997940961","https://openalex.org/W3132069826","https://openalex.org/W3184258555","https://openalex.org/W4297032903","https://openalex.org/W4308365139","https://openalex.org/W4383218725","https://openalex.org/W4387197056","https://openalex.org/W4387353870","https://openalex.org/W4389288569","https://openalex.org/W4389987525","https://openalex.org/W4391345066","https://openalex.org/W4392607559","https://openalex.org/W4393972724","https://openalex.org/W4396542390","https://openalex.org/W4396712697","https://openalex.org/W4398204566","https://openalex.org/W4400646281","https://openalex.org/W4400726948","https://openalex.org/W4401229916","https://openalex.org/W4402379218","https://openalex.org/W4403826817","https://openalex.org/W4403976344","https://openalex.org/W4404387863","https://openalex.org/W4405781952","https://openalex.org/W4408183087","https://openalex.org/W4409723478"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Deep":[1],"reinforcement":[2],"learning":[3],"shows":[4],"broad":[5],"prospects":[6],"in":[7,17,75,136,150,162,183],"multi-unmanned":[8],"aerial":[9],"vehicle(UAV)":[10],"collaborative":[11,22],"search":[12,112,154],"and":[13,25,68,90,98,113,138,146,156,160,186],"rescue":[14],"tasks.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[18,50,62,66,73,76,95,119,151,163,178,181],"face":[19],"of":[20,78,170,180],"high-dimensional":[21],"decision-making":[23],"spaces":[24],"limited":[26],"computing":[27],"resources,":[28],"its":[29,187],"performance":[30],"is":[31],"vulnerable":[32],"to":[33,144,158,167],"limitations.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"proposes":[37],"a":[38],"deep":[39],"deterministic":[40],"policy":[41],"gradient":[42],"method":[43,182],"based":[44,54],"on":[45,55,108],"linear":[46,51],"attention.":[47],"By":[48],"introducing":[49],"attention":[52],"mechanism":[53],"random":[56],"feature":[57],"mapping,":[58],"while":[59,135],"effectively":[60],"modeling":[61],"interaction":[63],"among":[64],"UAVs,":[65],"computational":[67],"storage":[69],"overcosts":[70],"caused":[71],"by":[72,85],"increase":[74],"number":[77],"UAVs":[79],"have":[80,101],"been":[81,102],"significantly":[82],"reduced.":[83],"Furthermore,":[84],"combining":[86],"smooth":[87],"experience":[88],"replay":[89],"adaptive":[91],"importance":[92],"sampling":[93],"mechanism,":[94],"training":[96],"efficiency":[97],"strategy":[99],"stability":[100],"further":[103],"improved.":[104],"The":[105],"simulation":[106],"experiments":[107],"both":[109,177],"post-disaster":[110,152],"response":[111,153],"dynamic":[114],"containment":[115,164],"tasks":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"that":[118],"proposed":[120],"algorithm":[121],"consistently":[122],"outperforms":[123],"existing":[124],"methods.":[125],"In":[126],"small-scale":[127],"scenarios,":[128],"it":[129,141],"maintains":[130],"nearly":[131],"perfect":[132],"success":[133,148],"rates,":[134],"medium-":[137],"large-scale":[139],"settings":[140],"achieves":[142],"up":[143,157],"90.6%":[145],"85.2%":[147],"rates":[149],"task":[155],"90.1%":[159],"80.2%":[161],"task,":[165],"corresponding":[166],"relative":[168],"improvements":[169],"15\u201321%":[171],"over":[172],"baselines.":[173],"These":[174],"results":[175],"highlight":[176],"robustness":[179],"simple":[184],"cases":[185],"clear":[188],"advantage":[189],"under":[190],"more":[191],"challenging":[192],"multi-UAV":[193],"conditions.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-12-29T00:00:00"}
