{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416892976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9","title":"Importance weighted variational graph autoencoder","display_name":"Importance weighted variational graph autoencoder","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416892976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066090370","display_name":"Yuhao Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82760581","display_name":"Taizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fzhyx73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuhao Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072247998","display_name":"Lin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-0034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82760581","display_name":"Taizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fzhyx73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102504371","display_name":"Shuchang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-5734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82760581","display_name":"Taizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fzhyx73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuchang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101891025","display_name":"Shiqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-5088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82760581","display_name":"Taizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fzhyx73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066090370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82760581"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20679019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8169000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5162000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cut","display_name":"Cut","score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-probability","display_name":"Posterior probability","score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.34869998693466187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8169000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5162000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5134670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626444","display_name":"Cut","level":4,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57830394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079","display_name":"Posterior probability","level":3,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76444178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72897900","display_name":"Connectivity","level":3,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134727501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597073","display_name":"Graph bandwidth","level":5,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98951983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604341","display_name":"Stationary distribution","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b111fb84353f458ab68cb00bba7ce0ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b111fb84353f458ab68cb00bba7ce0ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02144-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416892976.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2607500032","https://openalex.org/W2808409763","https://openalex.org/W3034349864","https://openalex.org/W3185513611","https://openalex.org/W3188916965","https://openalex.org/W3191174665","https://openalex.org/W3199612398","https://openalex.org/W4283815719","https://openalex.org/W4285606307","https://openalex.org/W4285606778","https://openalex.org/W4312206464","https://openalex.org/W4365397975","https://openalex.org/W4382203265","https://openalex.org/W4385764461","https://openalex.org/W4385767799","https://openalex.org/W4389098833","https://openalex.org/W4392251559","https://openalex.org/W4393033445","https://openalex.org/W4396757487","https://openalex.org/W4405090556","https://openalex.org/W4415798963"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variational":[0,63],"Graph":[1,64],"Autoencoder":[2,65],"(VGAE)":[3],"is":[4,24],"a":[5,29,69,99,118],"widely":[6],"explored":[7],"model":[8],"for":[9,111],"learning":[10,106,176],"the":[11,17,33,38,46,60,75,89,105,143,148,154,161,166],"distribution":[12,20,77,151],"of":[13,40,49,107,145,179],"graph":[14,41,112,127,138,180],"data.":[15,42,113,181],"Currently,":[16],"approximate":[18,149],"posterior":[19,76,150],"in":[21],"VGAE-based":[22,51],"methods":[23],"overly":[25],"restrictive,":[26],"leading":[27],"to":[28,88],"significant":[30],"gap":[31],"between":[32],"variational":[34,121,155],"lower":[35,122,156],"bound":[36,123,157],"and":[37,67,84,164,177],"log-likelihood":[39],"This":[43,72],"limitation":[44],"reduces":[45],"expressive":[47],"power":[48],"these":[50],"models.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"this":[55,57,95],"issue,":[56],"paper":[58],"proposes":[59],"Importance":[61],"Weighted":[62],"(IWVGAE)":[66],"provides":[68],"theoretical":[70],"justification.":[71],"method":[73],"makes":[74,126],"more":[78,100,130,174],"flexible":[79,101],"through":[80],"Monte":[81],"Carlo":[82],"sampling":[83],"assigns":[85],"importance":[86],"weights":[87],"likelihood":[90],"gradients":[91],"during":[92],"backpropagation.":[93],"In":[94],"way,":[96],"IWVGAE":[97],"achieves":[98,117],"optimization":[102],"objective,":[103],"enabling":[104],"richer":[108],"latent":[109],"representations":[110],"It":[114],"not":[115],"only":[116],"theoretically":[119],"tighter":[120],"but":[124],"also":[125],"density":[128],"estimation":[129],"accurate.":[131],"Extensive":[132],"experimental":[133],"results":[134],"on":[135,168],"seven":[136],"classic":[137],"datasets":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141],"as":[142],"number":[144],"samples":[146],"from":[147],"increases,":[152],"(1)":[153],"continuously":[158],"improves,":[159,172],"validating":[160],"proposed":[162],"theory,":[163],"(2)":[165],"performance":[167],"downstream":[169],"tasks":[170],"significantly":[171],"demonstrating":[173],"effective":[175],"representation":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T17:19:04.345684","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}