{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408103870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z","title":"A comprehensive transplanting of black-box adversarial attacks from multi-class to multi-label models","display_name":"A comprehensive transplanting of black-box adversarial attacks from multi-class to multi-label models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408103870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716616","display_name":"Zhijian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-0135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhijian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104346381","display_name":"Qi Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056005879","display_name":"Yujiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9631-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001184471","display_name":"Wenjian Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8357-1655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjian Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100716616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":2.671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8906033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.7941668033599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7524152994155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transplanting","display_name":"Transplanting","score":0.7368757128715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.7174039483070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.6969431638717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46859851479530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4384327232837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42653268575668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17192405462265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.06947401165962219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.7941668033599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7524152994155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779342048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356031","display_name":"Transplanting","level":3,"score":0.7368757128715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7174039483070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.6969431638717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46859851479530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4384327232837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42653268575668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17192405462265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.06947401165962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f238b9263e04e65a681d832a5ba81ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f238b9263e04e65a681d832a5ba81ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 1-27 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01805-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408103870.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2007972815","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2746600820","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2932399282","https://openalex.org/W2963355098","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2999711171","https://openalex.org/W3005655433","https://openalex.org/W3015625436","https://openalex.org/W3034619610","https://openalex.org/W3034892461","https://openalex.org/W3090605776","https://openalex.org/W3106412272","https://openalex.org/W3107235539","https://openalex.org/W3135970545","https://openalex.org/W3171288285","https://openalex.org/W3173859330","https://openalex.org/W3200923879","https://openalex.org/W3211999566","https://openalex.org/W4214748882","https://openalex.org/W4224275454","https://openalex.org/W4280499184","https://openalex.org/W4289333266","https://openalex.org/W4289544886","https://openalex.org/W4291653574","https://openalex.org/W4309760235","https://openalex.org/W4390685501","https://openalex.org/W6601575680","https://openalex.org/W6636364444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991621621","https://openalex.org/W4320155365","https://openalex.org/W2386722633","https://openalex.org/W2256143685","https://openalex.org/W2354648428","https://openalex.org/W2032907508","https://openalex.org/W4380204263","https://openalex.org/W2358334189","https://openalex.org/W2162792258","https://openalex.org/W3009622996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Adversarial":[1],"examples":[2],"generated":[3],"by":[4],"perturbing":[5],"raw":[6],"data":[7],"with":[8,62,100,115],"carefully":[9],"designed,":[10],"imperceptible":[11],"noise":[12],"have":[13],"emerged":[14],"as":[15,112],"a":[16,97,110],"primary":[17],"security":[18],"threat":[19],"to":[20,38,44,96,143,237],"artificial":[21],"intelligence":[22],"systems.":[23],"In":[24,130],"particular,":[25],"black-box":[26,53,67,140,155,178],"adversarial":[27,40],"attack":[28,68,122,126,141,156,179,183,187,196,220,228,234],"algorithms,":[29,157],"which":[30,158],"only":[31],"rely":[32],"on":[33,52,58,66,204,212],"model":[34,207,215],"input":[35],"and":[36,88,147,163,208],"output":[37],"generate":[39],"examples,":[41],"are":[42],"easy":[43],"implement":[45],"in":[46,84],"real":[47],"scenarios.":[48],"However,":[49,222],"previous":[50],"research":[51],"attacks":[54,162],"has":[55],"primarily":[56],"focused":[57],"multi-class":[59,81,121,139],"classification":[60,72,75,82,128,145],"models,":[61],"relatively":[63],"few":[64],"studies":[65],"algorithms":[69,123,142,180,197,229],"for":[70,152,168,190],"multi-label":[71,127,144,150],"models.":[73,129],"Multi-label":[74],"models":[76,83,146],"exhibit":[77],"significant":[78],"differences":[79],"from":[80],"terms":[85],"of":[86,138,225],"structure":[87],"output.":[89],"The":[90],"former":[91],"can":[92],"assign":[93],"multiple":[94],"labels":[95,102],"single":[98],"sample,":[99],"these":[101,226],"often":[103],"exhibiting":[104],"correlations,":[105],"while":[106],"the":[107,113,116,135,149,169,176,205,213,217,223,238],"latter":[108],"classifies":[109],"sample":[111],"class":[114],"highest":[117],"confidence.":[118],"Therefore,":[119],"existing":[120],"cannot":[124],"directly":[125],"this":[131],"paper,":[132],"we":[133],"study":[134],"transplantation":[136],"methods":[137],"propose":[148],"versions":[151],"eight":[153],"classic":[154],"include":[159],"three":[160],"score-based":[161],"five":[164],"decision-based":[165],"(label-only)":[166],"attacks,":[167],"first":[170],"time.":[171],"Experimental":[172],"results":[173],"indicate":[174],"that":[175],"transplanted":[177,195,227],"demonstrate":[181],"effective":[182],"performance":[184,224],"across":[185],"various":[186],"types,":[188],"except":[189],"extreme":[191],"attacks.":[192],"Especially,":[193],"most":[194],"achieve":[198],"more":[199,209],"than":[200,210],"60%":[201],"success":[202],"rate":[203],"ML-GCN":[206],"30%":[211],"ML-LIW":[214],"under":[216],"hiding":[218],"all":[219],"type.":[221],"shows":[230],"variation":[231],"among":[232],"different":[233],"types":[235],"due":[236],"correlations":[239],"between":[240],"labels.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
