{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408088143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4","title":"CycleGuardian: a framework for automatic respiratory sound classification based on improved deep clustering and contrastive learning","display_name":"CycleGuardian: a framework for automatic respiratory sound classification based on improved deep clustering and contrastive learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408088143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034559629","display_name":"Yun Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-5442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102960812","display_name":"Qiuhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0657-2612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of BioMedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of BioMedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011251592","display_name":"Enze Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-7628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enze Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031740209","display_name":"Ling Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-1405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of BioMedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of BioMedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019324040","display_name":"Qian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-1021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of BioMedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of BioMedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102889360","display_name":"Zheng Gang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1934-3401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034559629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":16.1546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99279701,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6177830696105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.6062077879905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5650591850280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5575528740882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.526655912399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.426038920879364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4002261757850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3304927349090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.14716142416000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08819884061813354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6177830696105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.6062077879905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5650591850280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5575528740882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.526655912399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.426038920879364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4002261757850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3304927349090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.14716142416000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08819884061813354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0eb523ca5c244a54bc7ee4aa887f9e9a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0eb523ca5c244a54bc7ee4aa887f9e9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 1-20 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01800-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408088143.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976832178","https://openalex.org/W2054931962","https://openalex.org/W2158534687","https://openalex.org/W2170748564","https://openalex.org/W2619772334","https://openalex.org/W2779692282","https://openalex.org/W2801920224","https://openalex.org/W2895590231","https://openalex.org/W2921177942","https://openalex.org/W2962852342","https://openalex.org/W2983747406","https://openalex.org/W2992420332","https://openalex.org/W3003965947","https://openalex.org/W3011086304","https://openalex.org/W3043476515","https://openalex.org/W3095616795","https://openalex.org/W3095921152","https://openalex.org/W3097359093","https://openalex.org/W3097717036","https://openalex.org/W3116715673","https://openalex.org/W3118347226","https://openalex.org/W3122205983","https://openalex.org/W3135818473","https://openalex.org/W3163309024","https://openalex.org/W3179217820","https://openalex.org/W3188566655","https://openalex.org/W3199069548","https://openalex.org/W3204056572","https://openalex.org/W4205232882","https://openalex.org/W4205773069","https://openalex.org/W4210428539","https://openalex.org/W4224917537","https://openalex.org/W4225137254","https://openalex.org/W4225915947","https://openalex.org/W4283822003","https://openalex.org/W4294967892","https://openalex.org/W4295508308","https://openalex.org/W4297841511","https://openalex.org/W4308623294","https://openalex.org/W4385208579","https://openalex.org/W4385822870","https://openalex.org/W4390874070","https://openalex.org/W4391100174","https://openalex.org/W4392902641","https://openalex.org/W4394862844","https://openalex.org/W4400772156","https://openalex.org/W4405488679","https://openalex.org/W6600020421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2909726438","https://openalex.org/W2067046791","https://openalex.org/W2909888262","https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2025747832","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W3020957235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Auscultation":[0],"plays":[1],"a":[2,86,92,106,124,129,142,194,228],"pivotal":[3],"role":[4],"in":[5,50],"early":[6],"respiratory":[7,21,35,45,56,231],"and":[8,33,47,90,100,112,141,173,189],"pulmonary":[9],"disease":[10],"diagnosis.":[11],"Despite":[12],"the":[13,41,135,165,169,203,215,222],"emergence":[14],"of":[15,43,198],"deep":[16,98,125],"learning-based":[17],"methods":[18],"for":[19,109,149],"automatic":[20],"sound":[22,119,232],"classification":[23],"post-Covid-19,":[24],"limited":[25],"datasets":[26],"impede":[27],"performance":[28,158],"enhancement.":[29],"Distinguishing":[30],"between":[31],"normal":[32,44],"abnormal":[34,55,118,139,151],"sounds":[36,57],"poses":[37],"challenges":[38],"due":[39],"to":[40,115,133,137,202],"coexistence":[42],"components":[46,49],"noise":[48],"both":[51],"types.":[52],"Moreover,":[53],"different":[54],"exhibit":[58],"similar":[59],"anomalous":[60],"features,":[61],"hindering":[62],"their":[63],"differentiation.":[64],"Besides,":[65],"existing":[66],"state-of-the-art":[67],"models":[68],"suffer":[69],"from":[70],"excessive":[71],"parameter":[72],"size,":[73],"impeding":[74],"deployment":[75],"on":[76,95,224],"resource-constrained":[77],"mobile":[78],"platforms.":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"these":[82],"issues,":[83],"we":[84,163,220],"design":[85],"lightweight":[87],"network":[88,195,223],"CycleGuardian":[89,122],"propose":[91],"framework":[93],"based":[94],"an":[96],"improved":[97],"clustering":[99,126,131],"contrastive":[101,143],"learning.":[102],"We":[103],"first":[104],"generate":[105],"hybrid":[107],"spectrogram":[108],"feature":[110,152],"diversity":[111],"grouping":[113],"spectrograms":[114],"facilitate":[116],"intermittent":[117],"capture.":[120],"Then,":[121],"integrates":[123],"module":[127,145],"with":[128,146,193],"similarity-constrained":[130],"component":[132],"improve":[134],"ability":[136],"capture":[138],"features":[140],"learning":[144],"group":[147],"mixing":[148],"enhanced":[150],"discernment.":[153],"Multi-objective":[154],"optimization":[155],"enhances":[156],"overall":[157],"during":[159],"training.":[160],"In":[161],"experiments,":[162],"use":[164],"ICBHI2017":[166],"dataset,":[167],"following":[168],"official":[170],"split":[171],"method":[172,179,207],"without":[174],"any":[175],"pre-trained":[176],"weights,":[177],"our":[178,206],"achieves":[180],"Sp:":[181],"82.06":[182],"$$\\%$$":[183,187,192,212],",":[184,188,213],"Se:":[185],"44.47":[186],"Score:":[190],"63.26":[191],"model":[196],"size":[197],"38":[199],"M.":[200],"Compared":[201],"current":[204,216],"model,":[205],"leads":[208],"by":[209],"nearly":[210],"7":[211],"achieving":[214],"best":[217],"performances.":[218],"Additionally,":[219],"deploy":[221],"Android":[225],"devices,":[226],"showcasing":[227],"comprehensive":[229],"intelligent":[230],"auscultation":[233],"system.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}