{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410097784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7","title":"Conceptualizing the Design Space of Artificial Intelligence Strategy: A Taxonomy and Corresponding Clusters","display_name":"Conceptualizing the Design Space of Artificial Intelligence Strategy: A Taxonomy and Corresponding Clusters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410097784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27339233","display_name":"Business & Information Systems Engineering","issn_l":"1867-0202","issn":["1867-0202","2363-7005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business & Information Systems Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108714846","display_name":"Peter Hofmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27103197","display_name":"Freddie Mac (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ga7kh69","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27103197"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hofmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["appliedAI Initiative GmbH, Freddie-Mercury-Stra\u00dfe 5, 80797, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"appliedAI Initiative GmbH, Freddie-Mercury-Stra\u00dfe 5, 80797, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27103197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075544347","display_name":"Simon Meierh\u00f6fer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","display_name":"University of Bayreuth","ror":"https://ror.org/0234wmv40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Meierh\u00f6fer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Branch Business & Information Systems Engineering of the Fraunhofer FIT, FIM Research Center for Information Management, University of Bayreuth, Wittelsbacherring 10, 95444, Bayreuth, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Branch Business & Information Systems Engineering of the Fraunhofer FIT, FIM Research Center for Information Management, University of Bayreuth, Wittelsbacherring 10, 95444, Bayreuth, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082720454","display_name":"Leon M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3384-5179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Copenhagen Business School, Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen Business School, Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029433334","display_name":"Anna Maria Oberl\u00e4nder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1366-7141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27103197","display_name":"Freddie Mac (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ga7kh69","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27103197"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Maria Oberl\u00e4nder","raw_affiliation_strings":["appliedAI Initiative GmbH, Freddie-Mercury-Stra\u00dfe 5, 80797, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"appliedAI Initiative GmbH, Freddie-Mercury-Stra\u00dfe 5, 80797, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27103197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017359389","display_name":"Dominik Protschky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9428-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27103197","display_name":"Freddie Mac (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ga7kh69","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27103197"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Protschky","raw_affiliation_strings":["appliedAI Initiative GmbH, Freddie-Mercury-Stra\u00dfe 5, 80797, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"appliedAI Initiative GmbH, Freddie-Mercury-Stra\u00dfe 5, 80797, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27103197"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108714846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27103197"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15059709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"2","first_page":"401","last_page":"430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9200000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.6888444423675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5364127159118652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5126280188560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49837684631347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3942362666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3799664378166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.37498557567596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3730289936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33358654379844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14711475372314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11742350459098816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6888444423675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5364127159118652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5126280188560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49837684631347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3942362666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3799664378166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37498557567596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3730289936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33358654379844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14711475372314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11742350459098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27339233","display_name":"Business & Information Systems Engineering","issn_l":"1867-0202","issn":["1867-0202","2363-7005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business & Information Systems Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.15495/epub_ubt_00008915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/488208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/488208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12599-025-00941-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27339233","display_name":"Business & Information Systems Engineering","issn_l":"1867-0202","issn":["1867-0202","2363-7005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business & Information Systems Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F5728949745","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Bayreuth","ror":"https://ror.org/0234wmv40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410097784.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410097784.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1276866904","https://openalex.org/W1525683663","https://openalex.org/W1531814668","https://openalex.org/W1587494126","https://openalex.org/W1855283887","https://openalex.org/W1963620879","https://openalex.org/W1966951118","https://openalex.org/W1997350322","https://openalex.org/W2002475897","https://openalex.org/W2008105535","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2022837784","https://openalex.org/W2024914713","https://openalex.org/W2043940397","https://openalex.org/W2044936748","https://openalex.org/W2050731102","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2062188624","https://openalex.org/W2082161827","https://openalex.org/W2086673082","https://openalex.org/W2100408980","https://openalex.org/W2111628838","https://openalex.org/W2148060162","https://openalex.org/W2149997269","https://openalex.org/W2151020819","https://openalex.org/W2162739626","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2170079885","https://openalex.org/W2239306219","https://openalex.org/W2414810123","https://openalex.org/W2418057537","https://openalex.org/W2495001861","https://openalex.org/W2499940354","https://openalex.org/W2747680751","https://openalex.org/W2770984856","https://openalex.org/W2811485533","https://openalex.org/W2841103364","https://openalex.org/W2976102853","https://openalex.org/W2996310369","https://openalex.org/W2999073038","https://openalex.org/W3005831385","https://openalex.org/W3007320742","https://openalex.org/W3021407487","https://openalex.org/W3035115698","https://openalex.org/W3046238651","https://openalex.org/W3085480867","https://openalex.org/W3086669681","https://openalex.org/W3096068160","https://openalex.org/W3100511078","https://openalex.org/W3108650979","https://openalex.org/W3124957586","https://openalex.org/W3125701878","https://openalex.org/W3130265534","https://openalex.org/W3143945924","https://openalex.org/W3152839567","https://openalex.org/W3162743317","https://openalex.org/W3170554175","https://openalex.org/W3177667502","https://openalex.org/W3178738300","https://openalex.org/W3195625625","https://openalex.org/W3199471086","https://openalex.org/W3207988956","https://openalex.org/W3210313117","https://openalex.org/W4200277685","https://openalex.org/W4206045990","https://openalex.org/W4206946435","https://openalex.org/W4210271404","https://openalex.org/W4224250711","https://openalex.org/W4226031686","https://openalex.org/W4235338265","https://openalex.org/W4247514718","https://openalex.org/W4283718200","https://openalex.org/W4286110517","https://openalex.org/W4286254409","https://openalex.org/W4297184295","https://openalex.org/W4299356718","https://openalex.org/W4312117652","https://openalex.org/W4312962871","https://openalex.org/W4362450801","https://openalex.org/W4362703701","https://openalex.org/W4366769576","https://openalex.org/W4381793921","https://openalex.org/W4385302345","https://openalex.org/W4386197485","https://openalex.org/W4386693657","https://openalex.org/W4386827556","https://openalex.org/W4386958277","https://openalex.org/W4387097510","https://openalex.org/W4387745359","https://openalex.org/W4388661871","https://openalex.org/W4389359039","https://openalex.org/W4390848563","https://openalex.org/W4392019162","https://openalex.org/W4394605410","https://openalex.org/W4394759815","https://openalex.org/W4394903761","https://openalex.org/W4401203858","https://openalex.org/W4401804702","https://openalex.org/W4401821484","https://openalex.org/W4402330928","https://openalex.org/W4413478458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3156937073","https://openalex.org/W2530757009","https://openalex.org/W3195027199","https://openalex.org/W274175260","https://openalex.org/W3160699744","https://openalex.org/W1573462747","https://openalex.org/W3213351246","https://openalex.org/W2371991626","https://openalex.org/W2391048882","https://openalex.org/W2566241902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1],"the":[2,12,17,26,41,69,88,109,173,181,200],"real-world":[3,201],"use":[4,202],"of":[5,14,44,56,71,111,180,184,203],"Artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"becomes":[9],"increasingly":[10],"pervasive,":[11],"interest":[13],"organizations":[15,96,107,133],"in":[16,108],"nascent":[18],"technology":[19],"is":[20,34],"currently":[21,134],"at":[22],"its":[23],"peak.":[24],"Although":[25],"scientific":[27],"literature":[28],"points":[29],"out":[30],"that":[31,49,130,154],"a":[32,61,103,121,142,161,177],"strategy":[33,164,187],"key":[35],"to":[36,38,60,75,83,176,198],"responding":[37],"technological":[39],"breakthroughs,":[40],"three":[42],"facets":[43,70],"autonomy,":[45],"learning,":[46],"and":[47,63,78,92,127,136,188,194],"inscrutability":[48],"distinguish":[50],"contemporary":[51,72],"AI":[52,73,113,139,163,186],"from":[53,94,106],"previous":[54],"generations":[55],"IT":[57],"give":[58],"rise":[59],"novel":[62],"distinctive":[64],"perspective":[65],"on":[66,145,196],"strategy.":[67,114,140],"Particularly,":[68],"lead":[74],"AI-induced":[76],"market":[77],"resource":[79],"shifts":[80],"and,":[81],"thus,":[82],"AI-related":[84],"strategic":[85,98,104],"challenges":[86],"regarding":[87],"scope,":[89],"scale,":[90],"speed,":[91],"source":[93],"which":[95],"make":[97],"deliberations.":[99],"This":[100],"ultimately":[101],"requires":[102],"response":[105],"form":[110],"an":[112,138,167,185],"Against":[115],"this":[116,118,146,148,171],"backdrop,":[117],"study":[119,149],"proposes":[120],"multi-layer":[122],"taxonomy":[123],"with":[124],"15":[125],"dimensions":[126],"45":[128],"characteristics":[129],"unveils":[131],"how":[132,197],"structure":[135],"organize":[137],"Conducting":[141],"cluster":[143],"analysis":[144],"foundation,":[147],"further":[150],"provides":[151],"four":[152],"clusters":[153],"delineate":[155],"predominant":[156],"design":[157,182],"options":[158],"for":[159],"developing":[160],"new":[162],"or":[165],"evaluating":[166],"existing":[168],"one.":[169],"In":[170],"way,":[172],"results":[174],"contribute":[175],"fundamental":[178],"understanding":[179],"space":[183],"enrich":[189],"recent":[190],"discussions":[191],"among":[192],"researchers":[193],"practitioners":[195],"advance":[199],"AI.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T06:05:55.347736","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}