{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400605781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6","title":"Estimating S-wave amplitude for earthquake early warning in New Zealand: Leveraging the first 3 seconds of P-Wave","display_name":"Estimating S-wave amplitude for earthquake early warning in New Zealand: Leveraging the first 3 seconds of P-Wave","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400605781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198914822","display_name":"Earth Science Informatics","issn_l":"1865-0473","issn":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Science Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022091023","display_name":"Chanthujan Chandrakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-5251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chanthujan Chandrakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-5251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030114240","display_name":"Marion Lara Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0309-4121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marion Lara Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023482358","display_name":"Caroline Holden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-9834"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline Holden","raw_affiliation_strings":["SeismoCity Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SeismoCity Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083498127","display_name":"Max Stephens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-4027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Stephens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043816226","display_name":"Amal Punchihewa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102501","display_name":"Palmerston North Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ctbbh52","country_code":"NZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102501"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amal Punchihewa","raw_affiliation_strings":["ADP Consultancy, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ADP Consultancy, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088123455","display_name":"Raj Prasanna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Prasanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022091023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3390},"fwci":2.6491,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91025671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"4527","last_page":"4554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.7952779531478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5538493394851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.5307151079177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5047398805618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.490755170583725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.4803420305252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4699319303035736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.43492719531059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aotearoa","display_name":"Aotearoa","score":0.4164441227912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.4133864939212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.27012938261032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2685088813304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2633146047592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2290281057357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15300634503364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14643412828445435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.7952779531478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5538493394851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.5307151079177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5047398805618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.490755170583725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.4803420305252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4699319303035736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43492719531059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781227721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153785","display_name":"Aotearoa","level":2,"score":0.4164441227912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.4133864939212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27012938261032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2685088813304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2633146047592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2290281057357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15300634503364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14643412828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198914822","display_name":"Earth Science Informatics","issn_l":"1865-0473","issn":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Science Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-024-01403-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198914822","display_name":"Earth Science Informatics","issn_l":"1865-0473","issn":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Science Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317459","display_name":"QuakeCoRE","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320816","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400605781.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400605781.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543725849","https://openalex.org/W1659695651","https://openalex.org/W1837022943","https://openalex.org/W1909386242","https://openalex.org/W1960471763","https://openalex.org/W1969598479","https://openalex.org/W1980224393","https://openalex.org/W2004696419","https://openalex.org/W2012255738","https://openalex.org/W2013203422","https://openalex.org/W2048700587","https://openalex.org/W2063441759","https://openalex.org/W2063996167","https://openalex.org/W2078440489","https://openalex.org/W2086820490","https://openalex.org/W2094324715","https://openalex.org/W2098573473","https://openalex.org/W2101802422","https://openalex.org/W2104999515","https://openalex.org/W2109639836","https://openalex.org/W2112008664","https://openalex.org/W2116258620","https://openalex.org/W2118063182","https://openalex.org/W2145756088","https://openalex.org/W2147276353","https://openalex.org/W2163928219","https://openalex.org/W2283468919","https://openalex.org/W2324709125","https://openalex.org/W2502759836","https://openalex.org/W2586424226","https://openalex.org/W2795056015","https://openalex.org/W2795944109","https://openalex.org/W2922909036","https://openalex.org/W2964038212","https://openalex.org/W2971878231","https://openalex.org/W2982290641","https://openalex.org/W3000732460","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3046886551","https://openalex.org/W3089982851","https://openalex.org/W3109978185","https://openalex.org/W3169512237","https://openalex.org/W3180445041","https://openalex.org/W3184231327","https://openalex.org/W3214014961","https://openalex.org/W3214076142","https://openalex.org/W4220684571","https://openalex.org/W4312923835","https://openalex.org/W4385062986","https://openalex.org/W4388816933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888381460","https://openalex.org/W2486726723","https://openalex.org/W2056570750","https://openalex.org/W4401497151","https://openalex.org/W2504760971","https://openalex.org/W2189066593","https://openalex.org/W4253399107","https://openalex.org/W4294219126","https://openalex.org/W4399567913","https://openalex.org/W2982339817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,32],"study":[2,72,184,192],"addresses":[3],"the":[4,9,46,53,57,67,121,127,138,178,208],"critical":[5],"question":[6],"of":[7,11,49,106,216],"predicting":[8,203],"amplitude":[10,60,174,205],"S-waves":[12],"during":[13],"earthquakes":[14,44],"in":[15,45],"Aotearoa":[16],"New":[17],"Zealand":[18],"(NZ),":[19],"a":[20,39,132,147,172,182],"highly":[21],"earthquake-prone":[22],"region,":[23],"for":[24,126,161,177,202],"implementing":[25],"an":[26,187],"Earthquake":[27],"Early":[28],"Warning":[29],"System":[30],"(EEWS).":[31],"research":[33,196],"uses":[34],"ground":[35,87,90,94],"motion":[36],"parameters":[37],"from":[38,185,213],"comprehensive":[40],"dataset":[41],"comprising":[42],"historical":[43],"Canterbury":[47,128,179],"region":[48,180],"NZ.":[50,217],"It":[51],"explores":[52],"potential":[54,160],"to":[55,119,170],"estimate":[56],"damaging":[58],"S-wave":[59,81,153,204],"before":[61],"it":[62],"arrives,":[63],"primarily":[64],"focusing":[65],"on":[66],"initial":[68],"P-wave":[69,79,141,173],"signals.":[70],"The":[71,163,191],"establishes":[73],"nine":[74],"linear":[75],"regression":[76],"relationships":[77],"between":[78],"and":[80,92,114,206],"amplitudes,":[82],"employing":[83],"three":[84],"parameters:":[85],"peak":[86,89,93],"acceleration,":[88],"velocity,":[91],"displacement.":[95],"Each":[96],"relationship\u2019s":[97],"performance":[98],"is":[99,167],"evaluated":[100],"through":[101],"correlation":[102],"coefficient":[103,105],"(R),":[104],"determination":[107],"(R\u00b2),":[108],"root":[109],"mean":[110],"square":[111],"error":[112],"(RMSE),":[113],"5-fold":[115],"Cross-validation":[116],"RMSE,":[117],"aiming":[118],"identify":[120],"most":[122],"predictive":[123],"empirical":[124,165],"model":[125],"context.":[129],"Results":[130],"using":[131],"weighted":[133],"scoring":[134],"approach":[135],"indicate":[136],"that":[137],"relationship":[139,166],"involving":[140],"Peak":[142,154],"Ground":[143,155],"Velocity":[144],"(Pv)":[145,175],"within":[146],"3-second":[148],"window":[149],"strongly":[150],"correlates":[151],"with":[152,210],"Acceleration":[156],"(PGA),":[157],"highlighting":[158],"its":[159],"EEWS.":[162],"selected":[164],"subsequently":[168],"applied":[169],"establish":[171],"threshold":[176],"as":[181],"case":[183],"which":[186],"EEWS":[188],"could":[189],"benefit.":[190],"also":[193],"suggests":[194],"future":[195],"exploring":[197],"complex":[198],"machine":[199],"learning":[200],"models":[201],"expanding":[207],"analysis":[209],"more":[211],"datasets":[212],"different":[214],"regions":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}