{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2573650873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-017-0264-3","title":"Malleability of the blockchain\u2019s entropy","display_name":"Malleability of the blockchain\u2019s entropy","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2573650873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-017-0264-3","mag":"2573650873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12095-017-0264-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-017-0264-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129219326","display_name":"Cryptography and Communications","issn_l":"1936-2447","issn":["1936-2447","1936-2455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography and Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/26842/26842.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102925560","display_name":"C\u00e9cile Pierrot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137744","display_name":"LabEx PERSYVAL-Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/03eqm6y13","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210137744","https://openalex.org/I4210139971","https://openalex.org/I4210150872","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95583923","display_name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'Armement","ror":"https://ror.org/04wsqd844","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799681489","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I95583923"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9cile Pierrot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LIP6, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France","ALMASTY - ALgorithms for coMmunicAtion SecuriTY (France)","CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)","Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'Armement (France)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-7424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LIP6, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALMASTY - ALgorithms for coMmunicAtion SecuriTY (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137744"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'Armement (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95583923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071198706","display_name":"Benjamin Wesolowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1249-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Wesolowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL IC LACAL, Station 14, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland","EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland  - Suisse)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL IC LACAL, Station 14, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland  - Suisse)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102925560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210137744","https://openalex.org/I95583923"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98491492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"211","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9213944673538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.7892059087753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6510236263275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malleability","display_name":"Malleability","score":0.6122005581855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6120492815971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5953007340431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.577248215675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5646159648895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5139452815055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.49594196677207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.49554622173309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3864613175392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18860244750976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15359121561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.13431385159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.11506721377372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.11150521039962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10514041781425476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9213944673538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.7892059087753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6510236263275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100980136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4668956","display_name":"Malleability","level":4,"score":0.6122005581855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6120492815971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5953007340431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.577248215675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5646159648895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5139452815055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.49594196677207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.49554622173309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3864613175392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18860244750976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15359121561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.13431385159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.11506721377372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.11150521039962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10514041781425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12095-017-0264-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-017-0264-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129219326","display_name":"Cryptography and Communications","issn_l":"1936-2447","issn":["1936-2447","1936-2455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography and Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cwi.nl:26842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/26842","pdf_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/26842/26842.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055335","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), the national research institute for mathematics and computer science in the Netherlands","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography and Communications vol. 10, pp. 211-233","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:259328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/259328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cwi.nl:26842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/26842","pdf_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/26842/26842.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055335","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), the national research institute for mathematics and computer science in the Netherlands","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography and Communications vol. 10, pp. 211-233","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2573650873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2573650873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114041322","https://openalex.org/W115500278","https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W1511514754","https://openalex.org/W1589846406","https://openalex.org/W2013686672","https://openalex.org/W2047000063","https://openalex.org/W2096596045","https://openalex.org/W2139386481","https://openalex.org/W2394831348","https://openalex.org/W2403798021","https://openalex.org/W2508339054","https://openalex.org/W2952926927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134921237","https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2005418990","https://openalex.org/W2109259595","https://openalex.org/W2360514482","https://openalex.org/W4378574941","https://openalex.org/W2247946197","https://openalex.org/W1989613568"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
