{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164347164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6","title":"Real-time implementation of fast discriminative scale space tracking algorithm","display_name":"Real-time implementation of fast discriminative scale space tracking algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164347164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6","mag":"3164347164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025682416","display_name":"Walid Walid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2276-9171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walid Walid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2276-9171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778584","display_name":"Muhammad Awais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-4140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Awais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035946152","display_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074150684","display_name":"Guido Masera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-9443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Masera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026016005","display_name":"Maurizio Martina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-0319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurizio Martina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025682416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.4564,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83968072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"2347","last_page":"2360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7205230593681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6840035319328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5656317472457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4541863203048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3150348663330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.17897242307662964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7205230593681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6840035319328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5656317472457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4541863203048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3150348663330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.17897242307662964}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11554-021-01119-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313985","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164347164.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164347164.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161114242","https://openalex.org/W1587654378","https://openalex.org/W1964846093","https://openalex.org/W2001785244","https://openalex.org/W2024810150","https://openalex.org/W2044986361","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2074091263","https://openalex.org/W2089243291","https://openalex.org/W2095874892","https://openalex.org/W2157341900","https://openalex.org/W2162383208","https://openalex.org/W2295477806","https://openalex.org/W2296571440","https://openalex.org/W2336724450","https://openalex.org/W2343187456","https://openalex.org/W2520477759","https://openalex.org/W2607898408","https://openalex.org/W2793848224","https://openalex.org/W2896612838","https://openalex.org/W2941307619","https://openalex.org/W2962764251","https://openalex.org/W2965236777","https://openalex.org/W2965916976","https://openalex.org/W2990216460","https://openalex.org/W3013032904","https://openalex.org/W3019095594","https://openalex.org/W3026358387","https://openalex.org/W3106317803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2521627374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Real-time":[1],"object":[2,20],"tracking":[3,44,59,118],"is":[4,60,64,120,189],"an":[5,204],"important":[6],"step":[7],"of":[8,18,36,42,52,66,78,87,97,112,116,148,208],"many":[9],"modern":[10],"image":[11,37,206],"processing":[12,182],"applications.":[13],"The":[14,39,184],"efficient":[15,85],"hardware":[16,89,125],"design":[17,110],"real-time":[19,95],"tracker":[21,101],"must":[22],"achieve":[23],"the":[24,29,50,98,105,117,131,139,216],"desired":[25],"accuracy":[26],"while":[27],"satisfying":[28],"frame":[30],"rate":[31],"requirements":[32],"for":[33,84,104,198],"a":[34,75,94,144,157,173,220],"variety":[35],"sizes.":[38],"existing":[40,152],"methods":[41],"visual":[43],"employ":[45],"sophisticated":[46],"algorithms":[47],"and":[48,127,168,196],"challenge":[49],"capabilities":[51],"most":[53],"embedded":[54],"architectures.":[55,90],"Discriminative":[56],"scale":[57],"space":[58],"one":[61],"algorithm":[62,119],"that":[63],"capable":[65],"demonstrating":[67],"good":[68],"performance":[69],"with":[70],"affordable":[71],"complexity.":[72],"It":[73],"has":[74],"high":[76],"degree":[77],"parallelism":[79],"which":[80],"can":[81],"be":[82],"exploited":[83],"implementation":[86,96],"reconfigurable":[88],"This":[91],"paper":[92],"proposes":[93],"discriminative":[99],"scale-space":[100],"on":[102],"FPGA":[103],"major":[106],"blocks.":[107],"A":[108],"careful":[109],"exploration":[111],"core":[113,132],"mathematical":[114],"operations":[115],"performed":[121],"to":[122,151],"improve":[123],"their":[124],"utilization":[126],"timing":[128],"performance.":[129],"Among":[130],"functional":[133],"units":[134],"optimized":[135],"in":[136,165,181],"this":[137],"work,":[138],"discrete":[140],"Fourier":[141],"transform":[142],"achieves":[143,156,219],"computational":[145],"time":[146],"improvement":[147,180],"92%":[149],"relative":[150],"works,":[153],"QR":[154],"factorization":[155],"2.3":[158],"$$\\times$$":[159,175,210],"<mml:math":[160,176,211],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[161,177,212],"<mml:mo>\u00d7</mml:mo>":[162,178,213],"</mml:math>":[163,179,214],"reduction":[164],"resource":[166],"utilization,":[167],"singular":[169],"value":[170],"decomposition":[171],"yields":[172],"3.8":[174],"time.":[183],"proposed":[185,217],"data":[186],"path":[187],"architecture":[188,218],"designed":[190],"using":[191],"Vivado":[192],"HLS":[193],"tool":[194],"set":[195],"implemented":[197],"Zync":[199],"Zed":[200],"Board":[201],"(xc7z020clg484-1).":[202],"For":[203],"input":[205],"size":[207],"320":[209],"240,":[215],"mean":[221],"25.38":[222],"fps.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
