{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3031871769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","title":"Fast and Accurate Edge Computing Energy Modeling and DVFS Implementation in GEM5 Using System Call Emulation Mode","display_name":"Fast and Accurate Edge Computing Energy Modeling and DVFS Implementation in GEM5 Using System Call Emulation Mode","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3031871769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","mag":"3031871769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11258463","display_name":"Journal of Signal Processing Systems","issn_l":"1939-8018","issn":["1939-8018","1939-8115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Signal Processing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007383446","display_name":"Yahya H. Yassin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-9176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yahya H. Yassin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067108530","display_name":"Magnus Jahre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-5228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnus Jahre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029254456","display_name":"Per Gunnar Kjeldsberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-116X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Gunnar Kjeldsberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026627174","display_name":"Snorre Aunet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-8886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Snorre Aunet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033235745","display_name":"Francky Catthoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francky Catthoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium","IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007383446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":1.1783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76801579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8247799873352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.7079229950904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"Frequency scaling","score":0.5953714847564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5161498785018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-emulation","display_name":"Hardware emulation","score":0.510328471660614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.48128217458724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.46775388717651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4650512933731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arm-architecture","display_name":"ARM architecture","score":0.46012425422668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.42584237456321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34706974029541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.18292799592018127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8247799873352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.7079229950904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157742956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237776","display_name":"Frequency scaling","level":3,"score":0.5953714847564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5161498785018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94115699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656406","display_name":"Hardware emulation","level":3,"score":0.510328471660614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.48128217458724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.46775388717651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4650512933731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16980","display_name":"ARM architecture","level":2,"score":0.46012425422668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.42584237456321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34706974029541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.18292799592018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11258463","display_name":"Journal of Signal Processing Systems","issn_l":"1939-8018","issn":["1939-8018","1939-8115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Signal Processing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/656408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/656408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Of Signal Processing Systems For Signal Image And Video Technology, vol. 93 (1), (33-48)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2986608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2986608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"33-48","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01544-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11258463","display_name":"Journal of Signal Processing Systems","issn_l":"1939-8018","issn":["1939-8018","1939-8115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Signal Processing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311040","display_name":"Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327267","display_name":"St. Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim","ror":"https://ror.org/01a4hbq44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517696749","https://openalex.org/W1539883310","https://openalex.org/W1633471522","https://openalex.org/W1656197734","https://openalex.org/W1913134649","https://openalex.org/W1974982221","https://openalex.org/W1981153984","https://openalex.org/W2001550484","https://openalex.org/W2034062945","https://openalex.org/W2046580775","https://openalex.org/W2049731212","https://openalex.org/W2049986605","https://openalex.org/W2058092201","https://openalex.org/W2071693325","https://openalex.org/W2102727118","https://openalex.org/W2103742924","https://openalex.org/W2104225326","https://openalex.org/W2106562406","https://openalex.org/W2117285153","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2166243422","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2513156828","https://openalex.org/W2543375969","https://openalex.org/W2775081197","https://openalex.org/W2979643267","https://openalex.org/W3144318538","https://openalex.org/W4239012550","https://openalex.org/W4249006057","https://openalex.org/W4251191498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170071008","https://openalex.org/W2103996454","https://openalex.org/W3029775214","https://openalex.org/W2390650884","https://openalex.org/W2093057572","https://openalex.org/W2129151116","https://openalex.org/W2110651346","https://openalex.org/W2001552871","https://openalex.org/W1974143443","https://openalex.org/W2583409245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Stringent":[1],"power":[2,60,142],"budgets":[3],"in":[4,48,62,106,209,220],"battery":[5],"powered":[6],"platforms":[7],"have":[8],"led":[9],"to":[10,29,32,201,216,223,234,243],"the":[11,34,55,63,84,107,157,161,165,204,240],"development":[12],"of":[13,36,54,86,129,169,189,226],"energy":[14,82,124,135,167],"saving":[15],"techniques":[16,237],"such":[17],"as":[18],"Dynamic":[19],"Voltage":[20],"and":[21,75,81,89,139,222,238],"Frequency":[22],"scaling":[23],"(DVFS).":[24],"For":[25],"embedded":[26],"system":[27,49,113,232],"designers":[28],"be":[30,46,92,214],"able":[31],"ripe":[33],"benefits":[35],"these":[37],"techniques,":[38],"support":[39],"for":[40,78],"efficient":[41],"design":[42],"space":[43],"exploration":[44],"must":[45],"available":[47],"level":[50],"simulators.":[51],"The":[52,173],"advent":[53],"edge":[56],"computing":[57],"paradigm,":[58],"with":[59,111,141,156,182,196],"constraints":[61],"mW":[64],"domain,":[65],"has":[66],"rendered":[67],"this":[68,95,210],"even":[69],"more":[70],"essential.":[71],"Without":[72],"a":[73,99,120,145],"fast":[74],"accurate":[76],"methodology":[77],"architecture":[79,122],"simulation":[80],"estimation,":[83],"benefit":[85],"new":[87,236],"ideas":[88],"solutions":[90],"cannot":[91],"evaluated.":[93],"In":[94],"paper,":[96],"we":[97],"propose":[98,119],"non-intrusive":[100],"application":[101],"controlled":[102],"DVFS":[103],"management":[104],"implementation":[105],"GEM5":[108,158,178,221],"simulator,":[109],"used":[110],"GEM5\u2019s":[112],"call":[114],"emulation":[115],"mode.":[116],"We":[117],"also":[118],"novel":[121],"independent":[123],"model":[125,136,162],"based":[126],"on":[127,144],"categorization":[128],"different":[130],"measurable":[131],"workload":[132],"classes.":[133],"Our":[134,207],"is":[137],"parametrized":[138],"calibrated":[140],"measurements":[143,202],"SAM4L":[146,205],"microcontroller":[147],"board,":[148],"containing":[149],"an":[150],"ARM":[151],"Cortex":[152],"M4":[153],"processor.":[154],"Together":[155],"output":[159],"statistics,":[160],"accurately":[163],"estimates":[164],"total":[166],"consumption":[168],"our":[170,176,193],"simulated":[171],"system.":[172],"results":[174,194],"from":[175,203],"modified":[177],"simulator":[179],"are":[180],"validated":[181],"representative":[183],"signal":[184],"processing":[185],"applications.":[186],"After":[187],"correction":[188],"systematic":[190],"offset":[191],"errors,":[192],"deviate":[195],"less":[197],"than":[198],"4%":[199],"compared":[200],"microcontroller.":[206],"contributions":[208],"paper":[211],"can":[212],"easily":[213],"tailored":[215],"other":[217],"processor":[218],"models":[219],"future":[224],"versions":[225],"GEM5.":[227],"It":[228],"will":[229],"therefore":[230],"enable":[231],"architects":[233],"explore":[235],"compare":[239],"improvements":[241],"relative":[242],"existing":[244],"architectures.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}