{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2738763945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","title":"Normalisation of citation impact in economics","display_name":"Normalisation of citation impact in economics","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2738763945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","mag":"2738763945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027052270","display_name":"Lutz Bornmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-7091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086037","display_name":"Max Planck Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0v0049","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210086037"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lutz Bornmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division for Science and Innovation Studies, Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society, Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-7091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division for Science and Innovation Studies, Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society, Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086037","https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043240957","display_name":"Klaus Wohlrabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-2641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340728805","display_name":"Ifo Institute for Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/045495t75","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Wohlrabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Poschingerstr. 5, 81679, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Poschingerstr. 5, 81679, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043240957"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":5.3137,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.969141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"120","issue":"2","first_page":"841","last_page":"884"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.9225999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.8810184001922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bibliometrics","display_name":"Bibliometrics","score":0.754900336265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-impact","display_name":"Citation impact","score":0.686884880065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-analysis","display_name":"Citation analysis","score":0.5426691770553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-factor","display_name":"Impact factor","score":0.5056684017181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.3582061529159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.35506153106689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34429359436035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.281091570854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2161981165409088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2036173939704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19998139142990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08330479264259338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.8810184001922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.754900336265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778793908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5122404","display_name":"Citation impact","level":3,"score":0.686884880065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.5426691770553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5330","display_name":"Impact factor","level":2,"score":0.5056684017181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3582061529159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.35506153106689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34429359436035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.281091570854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2161981165409088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2036173939704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19998139142990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08330479264259338}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:scient:v:120:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s11192-019-03140-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03140-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2738763945.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2738763945.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W382302478","https://openalex.org/W613277099","https://openalex.org/W767067438","https://openalex.org/W1534221939","https://openalex.org/W1546899595","https://openalex.org/W1559646899","https://openalex.org/W1573005900","https://openalex.org/W1588708291","https://openalex.org/W1589166698","https://openalex.org/W1696956904","https://openalex.org/W1787605394","https://openalex.org/W1934095247","https://openalex.org/W1941049987","https://openalex.org/W1948497384","https://openalex.org/W1956112196","https://openalex.org/W1969448563","https://openalex.org/W1972230306","https://openalex.org/W1974172417","https://openalex.org/W1974674295","https://openalex.org/W1977862340","https://openalex.org/W1978273326","https://openalex.org/W1979117318","https://openalex.org/W1986981419","https://openalex.org/W1992497809","https://openalex.org/W2010702743","https://openalex.org/W2011634531","https://openalex.org/W2015905558","https://openalex.org/W2017933882","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2031823763","https://openalex.org/W2033079808","https://openalex.org/W2033874204","https://openalex.org/W2042990063","https://openalex.org/W2050524575","https://openalex.org/W2058000830","https://openalex.org/W2063586747","https://openalex.org/W2068452509","https://openalex.org/W2070242399","https://openalex.org/W2070486653","https://openalex.org/W2071113256","https://openalex.org/W2086481317","https://openalex.org/W2087876208","https://openalex.org/W2089466924","https://openalex.org/W2092142860","https://openalex.org/W2092739591","https://openalex.org/W2098507569","https://openalex.org/W2104126408","https://openalex.org/W2110805992","https://openalex.org/W2117247823","https://openalex.org/W2122110548","https://openalex.org/W2128438887","https://openalex.org/W2129513604","https://openalex.org/W2130136629","https://openalex.org/W2132631086","https://openalex.org/W2133928412","https://openalex.org/W2134871380","https://openalex.org/W2141312979","https://openalex.org/W2153511600","https://openalex.org/W2158075779","https://openalex.org/W2160868879","https://openalex.org/W2163887529","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2165235748","https://openalex.org/W2168160236","https://openalex.org/W2205435089","https://openalex.org/W2207398244","https://openalex.org/W2243431799","https://openalex.org/W2272387771","https://openalex.org/W2281675664","https://openalex.org/W2336149924","https://openalex.org/W2336438191","https://openalex.org/W2531798256","https://openalex.org/W2536538548","https://openalex.org/W2537761553","https://openalex.org/W2537771146","https://openalex.org/W2537841883","https://openalex.org/W2556835098","https://openalex.org/W2558333243","https://openalex.org/W2560495985","https://openalex.org/W2579648113","https://openalex.org/W2588841625","https://openalex.org/W2615922713","https://openalex.org/W2616168490","https://openalex.org/W2750013175","https://openalex.org/W2761768825","https://openalex.org/W2962699836","https://openalex.org/W2963905624","https://openalex.org/W3098317145","https://openalex.org/W3100413425","https://openalex.org/W3100614207","https://openalex.org/W3121240669","https://openalex.org/W3121908419","https://openalex.org/W3123879035","https://openalex.org/W3124131699","https://openalex.org/W3124166904","https://openalex.org/W3124256834","https://openalex.org/W3124843969","https://openalex.org/W3125814070","https://openalex.org/W4233043829","https://openalex.org/W4236891926","https://openalex.org/W4249247059","https://openalex.org/W6632042977","https://openalex.org/W6726445343","https://openalex.org/W6996635697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917728557","https://openalex.org/W2346158230","https://openalex.org/W2735115653","https://openalex.org/W3158243680","https://openalex.org/W2904800587","https://openalex.org/W2285613965","https://openalex.org/W2162430746","https://openalex.org/W2019021555","https://openalex.org/W2744205540","https://openalex.org/W2743665320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"is":[2,17,126,149],"intended":[3],"to":[4,70,133,179,199],"facilitate":[5],"fair":[6,165],"research":[7,66],"evaluations":[8],"in":[9,21,81,89,114,139,169,242],"economics.":[10,170,243],"Field-":[11],"and":[12,34,55,119,143,218],"time-normalisation":[13],"of":[14,36,49,65,73,102,110,129,167,216,220],"citation":[15,24,41,74,95,100,156,201],"impact":[16,101,109,202],"the":[18,47,85,92,99,107,115,127,134,147,176,190,197,240],"standard":[19],"method":[20],"bibliometrics.":[22],"Since":[23,146],"rates":[25,42],"for":[26,46,164,185,195],"journal":[27],"papers":[28,50,112,130,138],"differ":[29],"substantially":[30],"across":[31,51],"publication":[32,120],"years":[33],"Journal":[35,215,219],"Economic":[37,221],"Literature":[38],"classification":[39],"codes,":[40],"should":[43],"be":[44,236],"normalised":[45,79,94,183],"comparison":[48],"different":[52],"time":[53,144],"periods":[54],"economic":[56,117],"subfields.":[57],"Without":[58],"normalisation,":[59],"both":[60],"factors":[61],"that":[62,131],"are":[63,84],"independent":[64],"quality":[67],"might":[68],"lead":[69],"misleading":[71],"results":[72,194],"analyses.":[75],"We":[76,188],"apply":[77,175],"two":[78,233],"indicators":[80,88],"economics,":[82],"which":[83],"most":[86,136],"important":[87],"bibliometrics:":[90],"(1)":[91],"mean":[93,108],"score":[96],"(MNCS)":[97],"compares":[98],"a":[103,140],"focal":[104],"paper":[105],"with":[106],"similar":[111],"published":[113],"same":[116],"subfield":[118,142],"year.":[121],"(2)":[122],"PPtop":[123,161,191],"10":[124,162,192],"%":[125,163,193],"share":[128],"belong":[132],"10%":[135],"cited":[137],"certain":[141],"period.":[145],"MNCS":[148],"based":[150],"on":[151],"arithmetic":[152],"averages":[153],"despite":[154],"skewed":[155],"distributions,":[157],"we":[158,174],"recommend":[159],"using":[160],"comparisons":[166],"entities":[168],"In":[171],"this":[172],"study,":[173],"normalisation":[177],"methods":[178],"294":[180],"journals":[181,198,205,234],"(including":[182],"scores":[184],"192,524":[186],"papers).":[187],"used":[189],"assigning":[196],"four":[200],"classes.":[203],"Seventeen":[204],"have":[206],"been":[207],"identified":[208],"as":[209],"outstandingly":[210],"cited.":[211],"Two":[212],"journals,":[213],"Quarterly":[214],"Economics":[217],"Literature,":[222],"perform":[223],"statistically":[224],"significantly":[225],"better":[226],"than":[227],"all":[228],"other":[229],"journals.":[230],"Thus,":[231],"only":[232],"can":[235],"clearly":[237],"separated":[238],"from":[239],"rest":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}