{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406822712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8","title":"The Competent Computational Thinking Test (cCTt): A Valid, Reliable and Gender-Fair Test for Longitudinal CT Studies in Grades 3\u20136","display_name":"The Competent Computational Thinking Test (cCTt): A Valid, Reliable and Gender-Fair Test for Longitudinal CT Studies in Grades 3\u20136","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406822712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764582272","display_name":"Technology Knowledge and Learning","issn_l":"2211-1662","issn":["2211-1662","2211-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology, Knowledge and Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010262755","display_name":"Laila El\u2010Hamamsy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-4822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108148","display_name":"Lear (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7j0055","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108148","https://openalex.org/I82700718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laila El-Hamamsy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre LEARN, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","MOBOTS Group, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre LEARN, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I4210108148"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOBOTS Group, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065931465","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Zapata-C\u00e1ceres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-5889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Zapata-C\u00e1ceres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037672773","display_name":"Estefan\u00eda Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-5592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estefan\u00eda Mart\u00edn-Barroso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024362147","display_name":"Francesco Mondada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-8704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108148","display_name":"Lear (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7j0055","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108148","https://openalex.org/I82700718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Mondada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre LEARN, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","MOBOTS Group, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre LEARN, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I4210108148"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOBOTS Group, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016592309","display_name":"Jessica Dehler Zufferey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-807X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108148","display_name":"Lear (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7j0055","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108148","https://openalex.org/I82700718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Dehler Zufferey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre LEARN, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre LEARN, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I4210108148"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039847272","display_name":"Barbara Bruno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-7173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":["CHILI Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CHILI Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086620355","display_name":"\u202aMarcos Rom\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez\u202c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-1715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Rom\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010262755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108148","https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":17.0486,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98839096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"1607","last_page":"1661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9144999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.7165173888206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-education","display_name":"Science education","score":0.5786848664283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5346516370773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-preparation","display_name":"Test preparation","score":0.4582897424697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.453311949968338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4072546660900116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3453790545463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20433756709098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12264466285705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.10027551651000977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7165173888206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.5786848664283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5346516370773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992370099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17085167","display_name":"Test preparation","level":2,"score":0.4582897424697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.453311949968338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4072546660900116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3453790545463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20433756709098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12264466285705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10027551651000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764582272","display_name":"Technology Knowledge and Learning","issn_l":"2211-1662","issn":["2211-1662","2211-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology, Knowledge and Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10758-024-09777-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764582272","display_name":"Technology Knowledge and Learning","issn_l":"2211-1662","issn":["2211-1662","2211-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology, Knowledge and Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1744075616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"185543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326765","funder_display_name":"National Centre of Competence in Research Robotics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3448440212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"185543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4186020712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51NF40_185543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5906426144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCCR Robotics","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921281487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6442921865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"National Centre of Competence in Re","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7192489655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51NF40_185543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326765","funder_display_name":"National Centre of Competence in Research Robotics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7330217765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51NF40_185543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7476027750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51NF40","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326765","funder_display_name":"National Centre of Competence in Research Robotics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320915","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326765","display_name":"National Centre of Competence in Research Robotics","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406822712.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406822712.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524616492","https://openalex.org/W1680939745","https://openalex.org/W1896083695","https://openalex.org/W1913957972","https://openalex.org/W1921901555","https://openalex.org/W1967747674","https://openalex.org/W1974211736","https://openalex.org/W1992103575","https://openalex.org/W2037416776","https://openalex.org/W2047317044","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2076818680","https://openalex.org/W2084605636","https://openalex.org/W2124479978","https://openalex.org/W2135248568","https://openalex.org/W2140739497","https://openalex.org/W2141172186","https://openalex.org/W2298970181","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2469775770","https://openalex.org/W2510607832","https://openalex.org/W2522521125","https://openalex.org/W2524369579","https://openalex.org/W2532524286","https://openalex.org/W2547608012","https://openalex.org/W2548714592","https://openalex.org/W2556031356","https://openalex.org/W2569623901","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2593947425","https://openalex.org/W2773534894","https://openalex.org/W2790467051","https://openalex.org/W2804817831","https://openalex.org/W2806538597","https://openalex.org/W2811233214","https://openalex.org/W2887750630","https://openalex.org/W2896054801","https://openalex.org/W2916082316","https://openalex.org/W2918711977","https://openalex.org/W2949189536","https://openalex.org/W2953779145","https://openalex.org/W2984839224","https://openalex.org/W2990676569","https://openalex.org/W3000232414","https://openalex.org/W3002653201","https://openalex.org/W3005031170","https://openalex.org/W3008736874","https://openalex.org/W3014699205","https://openalex.org/W3017702506","https://openalex.org/W3022993766","https://openalex.org/W3031790629","https://openalex.org/W3037610611","https://openalex.org/W3095695371","https://openalex.org/W3107163149","https://openalex.org/W3134939433","https://openalex.org/W3135803898","https://openalex.org/W3165385978","https://openalex.org/W3169216392","https://openalex.org/W3175039354","https://openalex.org/W3181859342","https://openalex.org/W3191682096","https://openalex.org/W3195451614","https://openalex.org/W3215065680","https://openalex.org/W4200179496","https://openalex.org/W4205453506","https://openalex.org/W4206142538","https://openalex.org/W4210493494","https://openalex.org/W4221059342","https://openalex.org/W4225286451","https://openalex.org/W4230349618","https://openalex.org/W4242721106","https://openalex.org/W4280498296","https://openalex.org/W4281803870","https://openalex.org/W4284892208","https://openalex.org/W4285085466","https://openalex.org/W4293098071","https://openalex.org/W4307348774","https://openalex.org/W4309845792","https://openalex.org/W4312123451","https://openalex.org/W4312435022","https://openalex.org/W4313593898","https://openalex.org/W4393444812","https://openalex.org/W4399648513","https://openalex.org/W6631552704","https://openalex.org/W6632246429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3033200795","https://openalex.org/W609731043","https://openalex.org/W282787389","https://openalex.org/W615801931","https://openalex.org/W590829330","https://openalex.org/W3154474231","https://openalex.org/W2615768489","https://openalex.org/W626747949","https://openalex.org/W2063493344","https://openalex.org/W571071072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,68,95],"introduction":[2],"of":[3,32,38,150,163,198],"computing":[4],"education":[5],"into":[6,195],"curricula":[7],"worldwide":[8],"requires":[9],"multi-year":[10],"assessments":[11,34,152,202],"to":[12,59,91,124,133,185],"evaluate":[13,53],"the":[14,47,99,148,158,161,191,196],"long-term":[15],"impact":[16],"on":[17],"learning.":[18],"However,":[19],"no":[20,30],"single":[21],"Computational":[22],"Thinking":[23],"(CT)":[24],"assessment":[25],"spans":[26],"primary":[27],"school,":[28],"and":[29,88,104,137,140,156,166,176,181,203],"group":[31],"CT":[33,49,151],"provides":[35,193],"a":[36,129],"means":[37],"transitioning":[39],"between":[40,138,144,187],"instruments.":[41,145],"This":[42],"study":[43,192],"therefore":[44],"investigated":[45],"whether":[46],"competent":[48],"test":[50],"(cCTt)":[51],"could":[52],"learning":[54],"reliably":[55],"from":[56,65],"grades":[57,107,117],"3":[58],"6":[60],"(ages":[61],"7\u201311)":[62],"using":[63],"data":[64],"2709":[66],"students.":[67],"psychometric":[69],"analysis":[70],"employed":[71],"Classical":[72],"Test":[73],"Theory,":[74,77],"Item":[75,84],"Response":[76],"Measurement":[78],"Invariance":[79],"analyses":[80],"which":[81],"include":[82],"Differential":[83],"Functioning,":[85],"normalised":[86,130],"z-scoring,":[87],"PISA\u2019s":[89],"methodology":[90],"establish":[92,142],"proficiency":[93,120,179],"levels.":[94],"findings":[96,159],"indicate":[97],"that":[98],"cCTt":[100],"is":[101],"valid,":[102],"reliable":[103],"gender-fair":[105],"for":[106,116],"3\u20136,":[108],"although":[109],"more":[110],"complex":[111],"items":[112],"would":[113],"be":[114],"beneficial":[115],"5\u20136.":[118],"Grade-specific":[119],"levels":[121],"are":[122],"provided":[123],"help":[125,141],"tailor":[126],"interventions,":[127],"with":[128,172],"scoring":[131],"system":[132],"compare":[134],"students":[135],"across":[136],"grades,":[139],"transitions":[143],"To":[146,189],"improve":[147],"utility":[149],"among":[153],"researchers,":[154],"educators":[155],"practitioners,":[157],"emphasise":[160],"importance":[162],"(i)":[164],"developing":[165],"validating":[167],"gender-fair,":[168],"grade-specific,":[169],"instruments":[170],"aligned":[171],"students\u2019":[173],"cognitive":[174],"maturation,":[175],"providing":[177],"(ii)":[178],"levels,":[180],"(iii)":[182],"equivalency":[183],"scales":[184],"transition":[186],"assessments.":[188],"conclude,":[190],"insight":[194],"design":[197],"longitudinal":[199],"developmentally":[200],"appropriate":[201],"interventions.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}