{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202026189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4","title":"Cost-sensitive ensemble learning: a unifying framework","display_name":"Cost-sensitive ensemble learning: a unifying framework","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202026189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4","mag":"3202026189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121920818","display_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","issn_l":"1384-5810","issn":["1384-5810","1573-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033457649","display_name":"George Petrides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-4343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["BE","NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Petrides","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-4343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075484247","display_name":"Wouter Verbeke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-0535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Verbeke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-0535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033457649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I4432739"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":2.7997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92099283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.8267840147018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.7703900337219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.7639042139053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7000882625579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6986732482910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6304687261581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.630329430103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.09103074669837952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.8267840147018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.7703900337219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.7639042139053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7000882625579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6986732482910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6304687261581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.630329430103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.09103074669837952}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121920818","display_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","issn_l":"1384-5810","issn":["1384-5810","1573-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/682646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/682646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data Mining And Knowledge Discovery, vol. 36 (1), (1-28)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bora.uib.no:11250/2989430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2989430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data mining and knowledge discovery","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10618-021-00790-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121920818","display_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","issn_l":"1384-5810","issn":["1384-5810","1573-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322852","display_name":"Innoviris","ror":"https://ror.org/04af9zr29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323078","display_name":"Universitetet i Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326507","display_name":"Haukeland\u00a0Universitetssjukehus","ror":"https://ror.org/03np4e098"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202026189.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W77359230","https://openalex.org/W83133245","https://openalex.org/W167016754","https://openalex.org/W203696055","https://openalex.org/W605727707","https://openalex.org/W1495654352","https://openalex.org/W1503605645","https://openalex.org/W1530939650","https://openalex.org/W1563938718","https://openalex.org/W1566212037","https://openalex.org/W1580049798","https://openalex.org/W1595468493","https://openalex.org/W1598033630","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1826478421","https://openalex.org/W1841840321","https://openalex.org/W1856927991","https://openalex.org/W1860210779","https://openalex.org/W1970474748","https://openalex.org/W1977245551","https://openalex.org/W1984712439","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2005530589","https://openalex.org/W2012942264","https://openalex.org/W2015452969","https://openalex.org/W2016511206","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2032210760","https://openalex.org/W2038030840","https://openalex.org/W2058732827","https://openalex.org/W2092662217","https://openalex.org/W2096942889","https://openalex.org/W2096945460","https://openalex.org/W2099454382","https://openalex.org/W2103614420","https://openalex.org/W2104167780","https://openalex.org/W2104597806","https://openalex.org/W2104955141","https://openalex.org/W2112627523","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2120396754","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2131816657","https://openalex.org/W2136256517","https://openalex.org/W2142261479","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2479224401","https://openalex.org/W2607893089","https://openalex.org/W2700766797","https://openalex.org/W2768055676","https://openalex.org/W2795929191","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W3111677905","https://openalex.org/W3135058693","https://openalex.org/W4232478844","https://openalex.org/W4244952642","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W4301039949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382315444","https://openalex.org/W3011239835","https://openalex.org/W4312534362","https://openalex.org/W4386970009","https://openalex.org/W3213126983","https://openalex.org/W3185760728","https://openalex.org/W2915047625","https://openalex.org/W4233259193","https://openalex.org/W2944292463","https://openalex.org/W3014252901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Over":[1],"the":[2],"years,":[3],"a":[4,28,33,48,71],"plethora":[5],"of":[6,19,58],"cost-sensitive":[7,39],"methods":[8,77],"have":[9],"been":[10],"proposed":[11],"for":[12],"learning":[13],"on":[14,38],"data":[15],"when":[16],"different":[17,23],"types":[18],"misclassification":[20],"errors":[21],"incur":[22],"costs.":[24],"Our":[25,51],"contribution":[26],"is":[27],"unifying":[29],"framework":[30,52],"that":[31],"provides":[32],"comprehensive":[34],"and":[35,45,56,69],"insightful":[36],"overview":[37],"ensemble":[40],"methods,":[41,61],"pinpointing":[42],"their":[43],"differences":[44],"similarities":[46],"via":[47],"fine-grained":[49],"categorization.":[50],"contains":[53],"natural":[54],"extensions":[55],"generalisations":[57],"ideas":[59],"across":[60],"be":[62],"it":[63],"AdaBoost,":[64],"Bagging":[65],"or":[66],"Random":[67],"Forest,":[68],"as":[70],"result":[72],"not":[73,84],"only":[74],"yields":[75],"all":[76],"known":[78],"to":[79],"date":[80],"but":[81],"also":[82],"some":[83],"previously":[85],"considered.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}