{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393354793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3","title":"On the computational complexity of ethics: moral tractability for minds and machines","display_name":"On the computational complexity of ethics: moral tractability for minds and machines","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393354793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010645622","display_name":"Jakob Stenseke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-3975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Stenseke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Lund University, Helgonavagen 3, 221 00, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-3975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Lund University, Helgonavagen 3, 221 00, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010645622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":8.4781,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97666154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6802974939346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.37892651557922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.350182443857193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18465450406074524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6802974939346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.37892651557922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.350182443857193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18465450406074524}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:75adfc4d-0a94-4a71-a098-e9bbcdfa4c87","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/75adfc4d-0a94-4a71-a098-e9bbcdfa4c87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1573-7462","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-024-10732-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321806","display_name":"Lunds Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322509","display_name":"Kungliga Tekniska H\u00f6gskolan","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325530","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327344","display_name":"Marcus och Amalia Wallenbergs minnesfond","ror":"https://ror.org/024f3s581"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393354793.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":312,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27314643","https://openalex.org/W35799874","https://openalex.org/W46517763","https://openalex.org/W95109620","https://openalex.org/W107583932","https://openalex.org/W250494237","https://openalex.org/W353787362","https://openalex.org/W625944040","https://openalex.org/W745867715","https://openalex.org/W758777753","https://openalex.org/W1480415539","https://openalex.org/W1483489440","https://openalex.org/W1486829250","https://openalex.org/W1494666124","https://openalex.org/W1514348096","https://openalex.org/W1515891729","https://openalex.org/W1517036688","https://openalex.org/W1521710274","https://openalex.org/W1522308973","https://openalex.org/W1553002612","https://openalex.org/W1556726625","https://openalex.org/W1561572740","https://openalex.org/W1570963478","https://openalex.org/W1575020259","https://openalex.org/W1575244154","https://openalex.org/W1576808520","https://openalex.org/W1580999956","https://openalex.org/W1585765249","https://openalex.org/W1588245831","https://openalex.org/W1597739853","https://openalex.org/W1606658719","https://openalex.org/W1804524409","https://openalex.org/W1964680067","https://openalex.org/W1964821516","https://openalex.org/W1967438932","https://openalex.org/W1967829443","https://openalex.org/W1968186137","https://openalex.org/W1968934255","https://openalex.org/W1971227834","https://openalex.org/W1974281669","https://openalex.org/W1974538016","https://openalex.org/W1976445142","https://openalex.org/W1977070092","https://openalex.org/W1977617751","https://openalex.org/W1979295420","https://openalex.org/W1980251859","https://openalex.org/W1980452149","https://openalex.org/W1981691276","https://openalex.org/W1982029046","https://openalex.org/W1982381767","https://openalex.org/W1985520716","https://openalex.org/W1986397748","https://openalex.org/W1986788852","https://openalex.org/W1989783863","https://openalex.org/W1993244199","https://openalex.org/W1995355963","https://openalex.org/W1997147068","https://openalex.org/W1997716585","https://openalex.org/W1998499879","https://openalex.org/W1999032440","https://openalex.org/W1999432334","https://openalex.org/W1999850382","https://openalex.org/W1999901857","https://openalex.org/W2000985912","https://openalex.org/W2003227046","https://openalex.org/W2008443647","https://openalex.org/W2008849728","https://openalex.org/W2011418219","https://openalex.org/W2013815105","https://openalex.org/W2018623774","https://openalex.org/W2019084334","https://openalex.org/W2019120673","https://openalex.org/W2019385392","https://openalex.org/W2020398501","https://openalex.org/W2020845789","https://openalex.org/W2023377725","https://openalex.org/W2023808162","https://openalex.org/W2024405378","https://openalex.org/W2025793573","https://openalex.org/W2026829965","https://openalex.org/W2029538739","https://openalex.org/W2030129051","https://openalex.org/W2032100464","https://openalex.org/W2033216491","https://openalex.org/W2033238486","https://openalex.org/W2033647831","https://openalex.org/W2035949073","https://openalex.org/W2036265926","https://openalex.org/W2038663599","https://openalex.org/W2039338430","https://openalex.org/W2039634593","https://openalex.org/W2039649409","https://openalex.org/W2040568291","https://openalex.org/W2040774021","https://openalex.org/W2043278166","https://openalex.org/W2044665483","https://openalex.org/W2044859857","https://openalex.org/W2045313701","https://openalex.org/W2045526507","https://openalex.org/W2049480502","https://openalex.org/W2049538756","https://openalex.org/W2054922243","https://openalex.org/W2056606651","https://openalex.org/W2056921512","https://openalex.org/W2057913812","https://openalex.org/W2059442002","https://openalex.org/W2059488340","https://openalex.org/W2061146398","https://openalex.org/W2062663664","https://openalex.org/W2064811181","https://openalex.org/W2066508891","https://openalex.org/W2067050450","https://openalex.org/W2068106852","https://openalex.org/W2069462712","https://openalex.org/W2069488552","https://openalex.org/W2069709605","https://openalex.org/W2071581217","https://openalex.org/W2073491323","https://openalex.org/W2075277371","https://openalex.org/W2075567596","https://openalex.org/W2075779886","https://openalex.org/W2076073997","https://openalex.org/W2076318861","https://openalex.org/W2085596116","https://openalex.org/W2087710120","https://openalex.org/W2087882226","https://openalex.org/W2088956500","https://openalex.org/W2093600062","https://openalex.org/W2093976733","https://openalex.org/W2094251476","https://openalex.org/W2098036909","https://openalex.org/W2100483895","https://openalex.org/W2100791470","https://openalex.org/W2101968469","https://openalex.org/W2102630578","https://openalex.org/W2106177336","https://openalex.org/W2107019937","https://openalex.org/W2107844279","https://openalex.org/W2110715012","https://openalex.org/W2112269231","https://openalex.org/W2112794046","https://openalex.org/W2114765979","https://openalex.org/W2116067849","https://openalex.org/W2116981799","https://openalex.org/W2117049614","https://openalex.org/W2122415469","https://openalex.org/W2123850572","https://openalex.org/W2126776273","https://openalex.org/W2126880773","https://openalex.org/W2127978988","https://openalex.org/W2130178369","https://openalex.org/W2130661992","https://openalex.org/W2131967794","https://openalex.org/W2135973125","https://openalex.org/W2136445846","https://openalex.org/W2141233322","https://openalex.org/W2141394518","https://openalex.org/W2142399242","https://openalex.org/W2144069056","https://openalex.org/W2145967016","https://openalex.org/W2148764920","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2149551746","https://openalex.org/W2149852414","https://openalex.org/W2150375089","https://openalex.org/W2150500632","https://openalex.org/W2151025116","https://openalex.org/W2151196108","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2153319474","https://openalex.org/W2154876275","https://openalex.org/W2154952480","https://openalex.org/W2156094048","https://openalex.org/W2157201325","https://openalex.org/W2157503655","https://openalex.org/W2158500619","https://openalex.org/W2159777958","https://openalex.org/W2162188269","https://openalex.org/W2165377048","https://openalex.org/W2165940344","https://openalex.org/W2167062553","https://openalex.org/W2167501322","https://openalex.org/W2168939936","https://openalex.org/W2169359757","https://openalex.org/W2241687965","https://openalex.org/W2251410821","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2265040937","https://openalex.org/W2286601327","https://openalex.org/W2292587149","https://openalex.org/W2329310016","https://openalex.org/W2332695358","https://openalex.org/W2338212927","https://openalex.org/W2399884099","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2493238591","https://openalex.org/W2494343396","https://openalex.org/W2530152346","https://openalex.org/W2548389436","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2566837964","https://openalex.org/W2569421824","https://openalex.org/W2593005162","https://openalex.org/W2594908799","https://openalex.org/W2599025709","https://openalex.org/W2602387567","https://openalex.org/W2607932615","https://openalex.org/W2612317116","https://openalex.org/W2725331431","https://openalex.org/W2739097866","https://openalex.org/W2758442112","https://openalex.org/W2765579540","https://openalex.org/W2773687970","https://openalex.org/W2788862220","https://openalex.org/W2788908630","https://openalex.org/W2798806301","https://openalex.org/W2803254652","https://openalex.org/W2898063841","https://openalex.org/W2898208057","https://openalex.org/W2902907165","https://openalex.org/W2905137835","https://openalex.org/W2909533911","https://openalex.org/W2911589237","https://openalex.org/W2914559751","https://openalex.org/W2940130395","https://openalex.org/W2957908733","https://openalex.org/W2963227094","https://openalex.org/W2963403189","https://openalex.org/W2963523685","https://openalex.org/W2982586787","https://openalex.org/W2989113827","https://openalex.org/W2995523160","https://openalex.org/W3002093512","https://openalex.org/W3002916673","https://openalex.org/W3007421089","https://openalex.org/W3028470792","https://openalex.org/W3034212203","https://openalex.org/W3047375952","https://openalex.org/W3083184774","https://openalex.org/W3103990528","https://openalex.org/W3105871743","https://openalex.org/W3109300698","https://openalex.org/W3115477807","https://openalex.org/W3119241782","https://openalex.org/W3122867100","https://openalex.org/W3129056504","https://openalex.org/W3130864375","https://openalex.org/W3146578723","https://openalex.org/W3151697546","https://openalex.org/W3161555770","https://openalex.org/W3162173425","https://openalex.org/W3164005523","https://openalex.org/W3167015399","https://openalex.org/W3180145931","https://openalex.org/W3183889129","https://openalex.org/W3186932523","https://openalex.org/W3197328310","https://openalex.org/W4200267584","https://openalex.org/W4205585032","https://openalex.org/W4205621617","https://openalex.org/W4205678468","https://openalex.org/W4210755565","https://openalex.org/W4213208649","https://openalex.org/W4213377513","https://openalex.org/W4213420425","https://openalex.org/W4213439731","https://openalex.org/W4229648554","https://openalex.org/W4230245465","https://openalex.org/W4230354434","https://openalex.org/W4230674625","https://openalex.org/W4230719014","https://openalex.org/W4233752000","https://openalex.org/W4234048930","https://openalex.org/W4234761190","https://openalex.org/W4235271043","https://openalex.org/W4235370100","https://openalex.org/W4236835455","https://openalex.org/W4238516407","https://openalex.org/W4238893454","https://openalex.org/W4240707855","https://openalex.org/W4240827200","https://openalex.org/W4241263224","https://openalex.org/W4244259635","https://openalex.org/W4245713184","https://openalex.org/W4247767659","https://openalex.org/W4247883378","https://openalex.org/W4248447990","https://openalex.org/W4248681815","https://openalex.org/W4249761288","https://openalex.org/W4250104172","https://openalex.org/W4250744658","https://openalex.org/W4251638563","https://openalex.org/W4253935475","https://openalex.org/W4255012397","https://openalex.org/W4256369010","https://openalex.org/W4280620208","https://openalex.org/W4282930714","https://openalex.org/W4292083047","https://openalex.org/W4292320360","https://openalex.org/W4297563113","https://openalex.org/W4301600676","https://openalex.org/W4301698119","https://openalex.org/W4302032430","https://openalex.org/W4312178980","https://openalex.org/W4315632014","https://openalex.org/W4388222941","https://openalex.org/W4388223145","https://openalex.org/W4388437783","https://openalex.org/W6600560973","https://openalex.org/W6600763685","https://openalex.org/W6725704494","https://openalex.org/W6743119038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Why":[1],"should":[2,22],"moral":[3,5,63,203,211,225,258],"philosophers,":[4],"psychologists,":[6],"and":[7,98,127,157,201,205,234,249],"machine":[8],"ethicists":[9],"care":[10],"about":[11,189],"computational":[12,70,87,92,150,191,240],"complexity?":[13],"Debates":[14],"on":[15,68,124,252],"whether":[16],"artificial":[17],"intelligence":[18],"(AI)":[19],"can":[20,38,72,106,242],"or":[21,39,73],"be":[23,107,243],"used":[24,244],"to":[25,144,176,210,245],"solve":[26],"problems":[27,105,122,140,170],"in":[28,42,179,227],"ethical":[29,104,121],"domains":[30],"have":[31,220],"mainly":[32],"been":[33],"driven":[34],"by":[35,58,255],"what":[36,60,69],"AI":[37],"cannot":[40,74],"do":[41,77],"terms":[43],"of":[44,62,86,103,113,120,133,193,224,229],"human":[45,253],"capacities.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,79,90,237],"tackle":[51],"the":[52,55,84,95,101,131,135,139,149,158,171,190,197,206,216,222,230,257],"problem":[53],"from":[54],"other":[56],"end":[57],"exploring":[59],"kind":[61],"machines":[64,226],"are":[65],"possible":[66],"based":[67,123],"systems":[71],"do.":[75],"To":[76],"so,":[78],"analyze":[80],"normative":[81,172,194],"ethics":[82],"through":[83],"lens":[85],"complexity.":[88],"First,":[89],"introduce":[91],"complexity":[93,102,136,218,241],"for":[94,221],"uninitiated":[96],"reader":[97],"discuss":[99,215],"how":[100,239],"framed":[108],"within":[109],"Marr\u2019s":[110],"three":[111],"levels":[112],"analysis.":[114],"We":[115,213],"then":[116,214],"study":[117],"a":[118],"range":[119],"consequentialism,":[125],"deontology,":[126],"virtue":[128,228],"ethics,":[129,195],"with":[130,138,208],"aim":[132],"elucidating":[134],"associated":[137],"themselves":[141],"(e.g.,":[142,153,161],"due":[143],"combinatorics,":[145],"uncertainty,":[146],"strategic":[147],"dynamics),":[148],"methods":[151],"employed":[152],"probability,":[154],"logic,":[155],"learning),":[156],"available":[159],"resources":[160],"time,":[162],"knowledge,":[163],"learning).":[164],"The":[165],"results":[166,219],"indicate":[167],"that":[168],"most":[169],"frameworks":[173],"pose":[174],"lead":[175],"tractability":[177,259],"issues":[178],"every":[180],"category":[181],"analyzed.":[182],"Our":[183],"investigation":[184],"also":[185],"provides":[186],"several":[187],"insights":[188],"nature":[192],"including":[196],"differences":[198],"between":[199,232],"rule-":[200],"outcome-based":[202],"strategies,":[204],"implementation-variance":[207],"regard":[209],"resources.":[212],"consequences":[217],"prospect":[223],"trade-off":[231],"optimality":[233],"efficiency.":[235],"Finally,":[236],"elucidate":[238],"inform":[246],"both":[247],"philosophical":[248],"cognitive-psychological":[250],"research":[251],"morality":[254],"advancing":[256],"thesis.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-12-31T23:11:33.660297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
