{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971238016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100440200030","title":"A Theoretical Analysis of the Limits of Majority Voting Errors for Multiple Classifier Systems","display_name":"A Theoretical Analysis of the Limits of Majority Voting Errors for Multiple Classifier Systems","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971238016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100440200030","mag":"1971238016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s100440200030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100440200030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037726482","display_name":"Dymitr Ruta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1060-6375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I868834043","display_name":"University of the West of Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3d2v20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dymitr Ruta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Computational Intelligence Research Unit, Division of Computing and Information Systems, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK, UK","Applied Computational Intelligence Research Unit, Division of Computing and Information Systems, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Computational Intelligence Research Unit, Division of Computing and Information Systems, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Computational Intelligence Research Unit, Division of Computing and Information Systems, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083181106","display_name":"Bogdan Gabry\u015b","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-2846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I868834043","display_name":"University of the West of Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3d2v20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Gabrys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Computational Intelligence Research Unit, Division of Computing and Information Systems, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK, UK","Applied Computational Intelligence Research Unit, Division of Computing and Information Systems, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Computational Intelligence Research Unit, Division of Computing and Information Systems, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Computational Intelligence Research Unit, Division of Computing and Information Systems, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90064827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"333","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.8031964302062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.7907959222793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"Majority rule","score":0.7667679190635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7068435549736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6203175187110901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5532594323158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5314705967903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-classifiers","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","score":0.5294596552848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighted-voting","display_name":"Weighted voting","score":0.5016779899597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.4740932881832123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45594796538352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4186929762363434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4128006100654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3156253695487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.10257196426391602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.8031964302062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.7907959222793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.7667679190635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7068435549736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6203175187110901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5532594323158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5314705967903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.5294596552848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132778050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065430","display_name":"Weighted voting","level":4,"score":0.5016779899597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.4740932881832123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45594796538352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4186929762363434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4128006100654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3156253695487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.10257196426391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s100440200030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100440200030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/624099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/624099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"R - Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.4301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.4301","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cis.paisley.ac.uk/ruta-ci0/downloads/paper2.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W574511037","https://openalex.org/W1499782308","https://openalex.org/W1508853606","https://openalex.org/W1538954065","https://openalex.org/W1975846642","https://openalex.org/W1978909040","https://openalex.org/W1992408997","https://openalex.org/W2048890562","https://openalex.org/W2058764642","https://openalex.org/W2071241635","https://openalex.org/W2073040595","https://openalex.org/W2074048993","https://openalex.org/W2102734279","https://openalex.org/W2105809105","https://openalex.org/W2114580434","https://openalex.org/W2129262519","https://openalex.org/W2141434237","https://openalex.org/W2142792844","https://openalex.org/W2309693750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743555903","https://openalex.org/W2137567908","https://openalex.org/W1940098242","https://openalex.org/W2913388591","https://openalex.org/W2083259201","https://openalex.org/W2142995730","https://openalex.org/W88722211","https://openalex.org/W2989868186","https://openalex.org/W1971238016","https://openalex.org/W2557740646"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}