{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386254432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2","title":"ROI: a method for identifying organizations receiving personal data","display_name":"ROI: a method for identifying organizations receiving personal data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386254432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35593046","display_name":"Computing","issn_l":"0010-485X","issn":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609859","display_name":"David Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-4608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090208333","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Del \u00c1lamo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6513-0303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose M. Del Alamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003122866","display_name":"Miguel Cozar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Cozar","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009889545","display_name":"Boni Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-8410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boni Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Campus Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Campus Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100609859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.4002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56930509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"1","first_page":"163","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6860194802284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.634414792060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.5912801027297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5693871378898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5549507737159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.5269254446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globe","display_name":"Globe","score":0.5173534750938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-information-manager","display_name":"Personal information manager","score":0.4795403480529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.4711049199104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.46157512068748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4272669553756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3875841796398163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3382481038570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29998183250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-information-management","display_name":"Personal information management","score":0.2490280568599701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.12991216778755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12442988157272339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6860194802284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.634414792060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.5912801027297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5693871378898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5549507737159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.5269254446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.5173534750938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38786816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568118","display_name":"Personal information manager","level":5,"score":0.4795403480529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4711049199104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.46157512068748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4272669553756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3875841796398163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3382481038570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29998183250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194695470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081067","display_name":"Personal information management","level":4,"score":0.2490280568599701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.12991216778755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12442988157272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29848774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61905","display_name":"Management information systems","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35593046","display_name":"Computing","issn_l":"0010-485X","issn":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/39478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/39478","pdf_url":"https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstreams/160cdbe4-a32f-4108-a3c1-06f3c05843bd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-023-01209-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35593046","display_name":"Computing","issn_l":"0010-485X","issn":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1223622236","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-130455A-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G181298091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APOYO-JOVENES-QINIM8-72-PKGQ0J","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322138","funder_display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2208368528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APOYO-JOVENES-QINIM8-72-PKGQ0J","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4121463700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRICIT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661330594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8735089700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"\u201dNextGenerationEU\u201d/PRTR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322138","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386254432.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048089596","https://openalex.org/W2060692877","https://openalex.org/W2073193131","https://openalex.org/W2128167566","https://openalex.org/W2169439425","https://openalex.org/W2227887088","https://openalex.org/W2339322788","https://openalex.org/W2611364582","https://openalex.org/W2612622960","https://openalex.org/W2756300166","https://openalex.org/W2784134919","https://openalex.org/W2787106847","https://openalex.org/W2788364416","https://openalex.org/W2797171593","https://openalex.org/W2963967433","https://openalex.org/W3012679427","https://openalex.org/W3038917532","https://openalex.org/W3090522550","https://openalex.org/W3092011919","https://openalex.org/W3092081818","https://openalex.org/W3098574641","https://openalex.org/W3100012422","https://openalex.org/W3101244251","https://openalex.org/W3122731183","https://openalex.org/W3209722324","https://openalex.org/W4220658798","https://openalex.org/W4221005961","https://openalex.org/W4224313333","https://openalex.org/W4229452781","https://openalex.org/W4254194321","https://openalex.org/W4297803436","https://openalex.org/W4366417848","https://openalex.org/W6949549905","https://openalex.org/W6963132113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096431411","https://openalex.org/W2010754409","https://openalex.org/W2596959975","https://openalex.org/W2366629882","https://openalex.org/W2279805742","https://openalex.org/W1969997262","https://openalex.org/W32208321","https://openalex.org/W2112790494","https://openalex.org/W2170533120","https://openalex.org/W3211729155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Many":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"exposed":[4],"the":[5,12,36,48,56,59,63,105,114,124,132,150],"massive":[6],"collection":[7],"of":[8,58,126,142,147],"personal":[9,41,67,98,119],"data":[10,42],"in":[11,55,93,104,144],"digital":[13],"ecosystem":[14],"through,":[15],"for":[16,152],"instance,":[17],"websites,":[18],"mobile":[19],"apps,":[20,148],"or":[21],"smart":[22],"devices.":[23],"This":[24,50],"fact":[25],"goes":[26],"unnoticed":[27],"by":[28,107,130],"most":[29],"users,":[30],"who":[31],"are":[32,38],"also":[33],"unaware":[34],"that":[35,83,116],"collectors":[37],"sharing":[39],"their":[40],"with":[43],"many":[44],"different":[45,85],"organizations":[46,64,115],"around":[47],"globe.":[49],"paper":[51],"assesses":[52],"techniques":[53,86],"available":[54],"state":[57],"art":[60],"to":[61,87,154],"identify":[62],"receiving":[65,97],"this":[66],"data.":[68,99,120],"Based":[69],"on":[70],"our":[71,102],"findings,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"Receiver":[75],"Organization":[76],"Identifier":[77],"(ROI),":[78],"a":[79,89,139],"fully":[80],"automated":[81],"method":[82,103],"combines":[84],"achieve":[88],"95.71%":[90],"precision":[91],"score":[92],"identifying":[94],"an":[95],"organization":[96],"We":[100,121],"demonstrate":[101],"wild":[106],"evaluating":[108],"10,000":[109],"Android":[110],"apps":[111],"and":[112],"exposing":[113],"receive":[117],"users\u2019":[118],"further":[122],"assess":[123],"transparency":[125,143],"these":[127],"data-sharing":[128],"practices":[129],"analyzing":[131],"apps\u2019":[133],"privacy":[134],"policies.":[135],"The":[136],"results":[137],"reveal":[138],"concerning":[140],"lack":[141],"almost":[145],"78%":[146],"suggesting":[149],"need":[151],"regulators":[153],"take":[155],"action.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
