{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224305663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6","title":"Tuberculosis detection in chest radiograph using convolutional neural network architecture and explainable artificial intelligence","display_name":"Tuberculosis detection in chest radiograph using convolutional neural network architecture and explainable artificial intelligence","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224305663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35462630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071753778","display_name":"Saad I. Nafisah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad I. Nafisah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543 Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543 Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080711681","display_name":"Ghulam Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-3969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543 Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-3969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543 Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071753778"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.9928,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99718346,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"111","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7602211236953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-radiograph","display_name":"Chest radiograph","score":0.7559964060783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7268482446670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7023876905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.626807689666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6026650667190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5257483124732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"Tuberculosis","score":0.4860554039478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4577658474445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.44495052099227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.3797222375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3499491810798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.24028801918029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23332929611206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.1610984206199646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7602211236953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283318","display_name":"Chest radiograph","level":3,"score":0.7559964060783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7268482446670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7023876905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.626807689666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6026650667190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5257483124732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.4860554039478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4577658474445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.44495052099227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.3797222375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3499491810798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.24028801918029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23332929611206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1610984206199646}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35462630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35462630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computing & applications","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9016694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9016694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neural Comput Appl","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07258-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2078338634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021/34","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7545718068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224305663.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224305663.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2005926822","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2608231518","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2774788879","https://openalex.org/W2780344831","https://openalex.org/W2789440170","https://openalex.org/W2793357426","https://openalex.org/W2794167658","https://openalex.org/W2895056585","https://openalex.org/W2900683726","https://openalex.org/W2908763778","https://openalex.org/W2912529512","https://openalex.org/W2921410104","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2967018031","https://openalex.org/W2990632791","https://openalex.org/W2996739437","https://openalex.org/W2998881768","https://openalex.org/W3004666248","https://openalex.org/W3006771649","https://openalex.org/W3024263255","https://openalex.org/W3045801508","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3104809143","https://openalex.org/W3105129065","https://openalex.org/W3117109798","https://openalex.org/W3130844452","https://openalex.org/W3158086583","https://openalex.org/W3169296663","https://openalex.org/W3181101419","https://openalex.org/W3194020089","https://openalex.org/W3199377726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2512580829","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2140868683","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}