{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132769426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-004-0039-2","title":"Nowhere-Zero 4-Flows, Simultaneous Edge-Colorings, And Critical Partial Latin Squares","display_name":"Nowhere-Zero 4-Flows, Simultaneous Edge-Colorings, And Critical Partial Latin Squares","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132769426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-004-0039-2","mag":"2132769426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00493-004-0039-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-004-0039-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72366220","display_name":"COMBINATORICA","issn_l":"0209-9683","issn":["0209-9683","1439-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"COMBINATORICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066405314","display_name":"Rong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-1001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169615421","display_name":"Middle Tennessee State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n1hzn07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA","Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 37132, Murfreesboro, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 37132, Murfreesboro, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065410958","display_name":"Wenan Zang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-1760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenan Zang*","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","University of Hong Kong, Department of Mathematics, 37132, Hong Kong, TN, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hong Kong, Department of Mathematics, 37132, Hong Kong, TN, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064703404","display_name":"Cun\u2010Quan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5583-4481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cun-Quan Zhang\u2020","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6310, USA","West Virginia University, Department of Mathematics, 26506-6310, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6310, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University, Department of Mathematics, 26506-6310, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066405314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66030013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"641","last_page":"657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12541","display_name":"Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.9056657552719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipartite-graph","display_name":"Bipartite graph","score":0.7889094352722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.7822777628898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjecture","display_name":"Conjecture","score":0.7403684854507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.6430097222328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.5303303003311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-square","display_name":"Latin square","score":0.4864928126335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4471627473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4081645607948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.06033438444137573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.9056657552719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197657726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174733","display_name":"Bipartite graph","level":3,"score":0.7889094352722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.7822777628898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780990831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319141","display_name":"Conjecture","level":2,"score":0.7403684854507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6430097222328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5303303003311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158887663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679367","display_name":"Latin square","level":4,"score":0.4864928126335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4471627473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4081645607948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06033438444137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70262065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427652","display_name":"Rumen","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00493-004-0039-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-004-0039-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72366220","display_name":"COMBINATORICA","issn_l":"0209-9683","issn":["0209-9683","1439-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"COMBINATORICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.546.9041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.546.9041","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hkumath.hku.hk/~imr/IMRPreprintSeries/2004/IMR2004-016.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/75282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/75282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563416066","https://openalex.org/W1982979061","https://openalex.org/W1984815404","https://openalex.org/W2011470163","https://openalex.org/W2048980622","https://openalex.org/W2068987903","https://openalex.org/W2080685322","https://openalex.org/W2091169105","https://openalex.org/W2097887535","https://openalex.org/W2314361409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371352078","https://openalex.org/W2044829724","https://openalex.org/W2138391391","https://openalex.org/W2953461625","https://openalex.org/W2154749105","https://openalex.org/W2077383796","https://openalex.org/W2114661539","https://openalex.org/W2089750896","https://openalex.org/W2035048277","https://openalex.org/W1997094995"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}