{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389443298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4","title":"Four attributes of intelligence, a thousand questions","display_name":"Four attributes of intelligence, a thousand questions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389443298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38059989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093440190","display_name":"Matthieu Bardal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I870124129","display_name":"Mount Royal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04evsam41","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthieu Bardal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computing, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mt Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB, T3E6K6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computing, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mt Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB, T3E6K6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087985487","display_name":"Eric Chalmers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-1397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I870124129","display_name":"Mount Royal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04evsam41","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric Chalmers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computing, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mt Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB, T3E6K6, Canada. echalmers@mtroyal.ca","Department of Mathematics and Computing, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mt Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB, T3E6K6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computing, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mt Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB, T3E6K6, Canada. echalmers@mtroyal.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computing, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mt Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB, T3E6K6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087985487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1627,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58212685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"117","issue":"6","first_page":"407","last_page":"409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6567496061325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6293789148330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5954495668411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.5235497355461121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-intelligence","display_name":"Human intelligence","score":0.5099090337753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.4556267261505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34086883068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3236027956008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.15075945854187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07688018679618835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6567496061325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6293789148330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5954495668411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.5235497355461121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5099090337753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.4556267261505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34086883068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3236027956008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.15075945854187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07688018679618835}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38059989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38059989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00422-023-00979-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313949","display_name":"Mount Royal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04evsam41"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389443298.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1595634327","https://openalex.org/W2101493843","https://openalex.org/W2163556911","https://openalex.org/W2561161270","https://openalex.org/W2921802966","https://openalex.org/W2938321354","https://openalex.org/W2953201006","https://openalex.org/W2973873632","https://openalex.org/W3147517805","https://openalex.org/W3183615570","https://openalex.org/W4207021923","https://openalex.org/W4245108548","https://openalex.org/W4353091694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W3101625811","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4300101996","https://openalex.org/W2338854850","https://openalex.org/W2184239527"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
