{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072413276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002360050148","title":"Fusion and simultaneous execution in the refinement calculus","display_name":"Fusion and simultaneous execution in the refinement calculus","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072413276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002360050148","mag":"2072413276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s002360050148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002360050148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84409463","display_name":"Acta Informatica","issn_l":"0001-5903","issn":["0001-5903","1432-0525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113974050","display_name":"Ralph\u2010Johan Back","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183173800","display_name":"Turku Centre for Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00vy7ed73","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I183173800"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130217899","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University","ror":"https://ror.org/029pk6x14","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ralph-Johan Back","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, \u00c5bo Akademi, Lemmink\u00e4isenkatu 14, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland (e-mail: backrj@abo.fi)\n, , , , , , FI","Department of Computer Science, \u00c5bo Akademi, Lemmink\u00e4isenkatu 14, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland (e-mail: backrj@abo.fi)#N#, , FI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, \u00c5bo Akademi, Lemmink\u00e4isenkatu 14, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland (e-mail: backrj@abo.fi)\n, , , , , , FI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I183173800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, \u00c5bo Akademi, Lemmink\u00e4isenkatu 14, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland (e-mail: backrj@abo.fi)#N#, , FI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056335848","display_name":"Michael Butler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-5373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom (e-mail: M.J.Butler@ecs.soton.ac.uk)\n, , , , , , GB","Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom (e-mail: M.J.Butler@ecs.soton.ac.uk) , GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom (e-mail: M.J.Butler@ecs.soton.ac.uk)\n, , , , , , GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom (e-mail: M.J.Butler@ecs.soton.ac.uk) , GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113974050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I183173800"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93843766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"11","first_page":"921","last_page":"949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refinement-calculus","display_name":"Refinement calculus","score":0.8592694997787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6799919009208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.6185873746871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.6158297657966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4966304898262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","score":0.49360716342926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4745424687862396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.46711668372154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.46351444721221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-calculus","display_name":"Process calculus","score":0.44019615650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43210363388061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.38835838437080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2639787197113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14475902915000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.10997515916824341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90483712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307205","display_name":"Refinement calculus","level":2,"score":0.8592694997787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6799919009208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.6185873746871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.6158297657966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4966304898262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140146324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144319","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.49360716342926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4745424687862396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.46711668372154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.46351444721221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161771561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970286","display_name":"Process calculus","level":2,"score":0.44019615650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43210363388061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.38835838437080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2639787197113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14475902915000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.10997515916824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s002360050148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002360050148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84409463","display_name":"Acta Informatica","issn_l":"0001-5903","issn":["0001-5903","1432-0525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.11.1209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.11.1209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~mjb/publications/acta2.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.28.4527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.28.4527","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tucs.abo.fi/Pub/1996/TechRep/tBaBu96.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:250503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/250503/1/acta2.ps","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156257448","https://openalex.org/W170531427","https://openalex.org/W197449163","https://openalex.org/W1503870455","https://openalex.org/W1535757506","https://openalex.org/W1552647623","https://openalex.org/W1559870885","https://openalex.org/W1576090512","https://openalex.org/W1617228447","https://openalex.org/W1964482512","https://openalex.org/W1970495662","https://openalex.org/W1996302019","https://openalex.org/W2011444209","https://openalex.org/W2016535383","https://openalex.org/W2024764276","https://openalex.org/W2043279475","https://openalex.org/W2073708948","https://openalex.org/W2087713039","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2117879955","https://openalex.org/W2898920263","https://openalex.org/W3144368627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W1497695679","https://openalex.org/W2183306018","https://openalex.org/W2549990292","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W2951819827","https://openalex.org/W97395656","https://openalex.org/W1600445775","https://openalex.org/W2040558780","https://openalex.org/W2112110209"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
