{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411505518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-025-10227-w","title":"Normality, Relativization, and Randomness","display_name":"Normality, Relativization, and Randomness","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411505518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-025-10227-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00224-025-10227-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-025-10227-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177266","display_name":"Theory of Computing Systems","issn_l":"1432-4350","issn":["1432-4350","1433-0490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044223599","display_name":"Wesley Calvert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1355-2694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wesley Calvert","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Mail Code 4408, Carbondale, 62918, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Mail Code 4408, Carbondale, 62918, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Emma Gruner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Gruner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Penn State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Penn State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075374500","display_name":"Elvira Mayordomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9109-5337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elvira Mayordomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica e Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ingenier\u00eda de Arag\u00f3n, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica e Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ingenier\u00eda de Arag\u00f3n, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056888455","display_name":"Daniel Turetsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-4800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Turetsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093538393","display_name":"Java Darleen Villano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Java Darleen Villano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044223599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1535677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normality","display_name":"Normality","score":0.8695269823074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.6731100082397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46174508333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3773663341999054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35872572660446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3507612347602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3259243965148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.18211665749549866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.8695269823074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.6731100082397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46174508333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3773663341999054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35872572660446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3507612347602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3259243965148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18211665749549866}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00224-025-10227-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-025-10227-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177266","display_name":"Theory of Computing Systems","issn_l":"1432-4350","issn":["1432-4350","1433-0490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:162187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402461","display_name":"Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1773756225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T64 20R (COSMOS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326208","funder_display_name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4188093564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23w5055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329205","funder_display_name":"Banff International Research Station for Mathematical Innovation and Discovery"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5047504459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104358RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326208","display_name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/0425pg203"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329205","display_name":"Banff International Research Station for Mathematical Innovation and Discovery","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557463835","https://openalex.org/W1964013156","https://openalex.org/W1985783244","https://openalex.org/W2004795957","https://openalex.org/W2013665528","https://openalex.org/W2043927415","https://openalex.org/W2076165639","https://openalex.org/W2082201286","https://openalex.org/W2082647537","https://openalex.org/W2126160338","https://openalex.org/W2172303463","https://openalex.org/W2314107292","https://openalex.org/W2939440802","https://openalex.org/W3154496493","https://openalex.org/W4411435444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034924094","https://openalex.org/W3094954546","https://openalex.org/W1488708774","https://openalex.org/W1982811510","https://openalex.org/W4391100477","https://openalex.org/W2402189625","https://openalex.org/W4327779705","https://openalex.org/W4310560702","https://openalex.org/W1513698804","https://openalex.org/W2029712093"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}