{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414596291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x","title":"Human languaging and large language models","display_name":"Human languaging and large language models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414596291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065023822","display_name":"Rasmus Gahrn-Andersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-6919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus Gahrn-Andersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Culture and Language, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-6919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Culture and Language, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065023822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":9.0738,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96872211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"775","last_page":"785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9588000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realm","display_name":"Realm","score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autopoiesis","display_name":"Autopoiesis","score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-evolution","display_name":"Language evolution","score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosemiotics","display_name":"Biosemiotics","score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.33559998869895935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5310999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34048319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599967","display_name":"Autopoiesis","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984703881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2313085","display_name":"Language evolution","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179428456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864714","display_name":"Biosemiotics","level":3,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20155586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192891","display_name":"Holism","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993724205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315","display_name":"Human language","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142998047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193983","display_name":"Metalanguage","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779313563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072565","display_name":"On Language","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire/1e4460cb-e804-4da7-ae93-3b0152ac129d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/1e4460cb-e804-4da7-ae93-3b0152ac129d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gahrn-Andersen, R 2026, 'Human languaging and large language models', AI & Society, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 775-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-025-02599-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5115809704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"38917","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310489","funder_display_name":"Velux Fonden"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310489","display_name":"Velux Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/007ww2d15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323799","display_name":"Syddansk Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414596291.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146450495","https://openalex.org/W172386583","https://openalex.org/W205292111","https://openalex.org/W413532343","https://openalex.org/W1973462894","https://openalex.org/W1992903142","https://openalex.org/W2001578381","https://openalex.org/W2007969336","https://openalex.org/W2021558386","https://openalex.org/W2030326659","https://openalex.org/W2034387591","https://openalex.org/W2079118286","https://openalex.org/W2081587341","https://openalex.org/W2139590666","https://openalex.org/W2493894436","https://openalex.org/W2794051939","https://openalex.org/W2989947306","https://openalex.org/W2990161570","https://openalex.org/W2998826418","https://openalex.org/W3009447962","https://openalex.org/W3119175429","https://openalex.org/W4206054808","https://openalex.org/W4229972507","https://openalex.org/W4236320467","https://openalex.org/W4246301514","https://openalex.org/W4253482899","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4386333898","https://openalex.org/W4387337433","https://openalex.org/W4387745889","https://openalex.org/W4387814831","https://openalex.org/W4388202310","https://openalex.org/W4391224412","https://openalex.org/W4393218543","https://openalex.org/W4393415907","https://openalex.org/W4400351737","https://openalex.org/W4400351942","https://openalex.org/W4400352037","https://openalex.org/W4410420475","https://openalex.org/W4410453424"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2,153,174],"explores":[3,175],"the":[4,14,17,42,64,75,92,152,156,173,189],"interplay":[5],"between":[6],"human":[7,26,71],"languaging":[8,72,104,141],"and":[9,112,199],"AI-powered":[10,82],"language":[11,19,83],"models":[12,84],"from":[13,181],"view":[15],"of":[16,39,47,77,94,136,159,188,217],"distributed":[18],"perspective":[20],"(DLP).":[21],"According":[22],"to":[23,45,155,162],"this":[24,102,143,165],"perspective,":[25],"linguistic":[27],"activity":[28],"can":[29],"be":[30],"described":[31],"as":[32,97,205],"ongoing,":[33],"heterogenous":[34],"activity,":[35],"thus":[36],"making":[37],"proponents":[38],"DLP":[40,170],"prefer":[41],"term":[43],"\u2018languaging\u2019":[44],"that":[46,120,140,220],"\u2018language-use\u2019.":[48],"Following":[49],"Maturana\u2019s":[50],"(Ir":[51],"J":[52],"Psychol":[53],"9(1):25\u201382,":[54],"1988;":[55],"Cybern":[56],"Hum":[57],"Knowing":[58],"9(3\u20134):5\u201334,":[59],"2002)":[60],"theorizings":[61],"on":[62,67,164],"languaging,":[63],"notion":[65,158],"rests":[66],"a":[68,110,169],"foundational":[69],"distinction:":[70],"occurs":[73],"within":[74,91],"realm":[76],"autopoietic":[78],"living":[79],"systems,":[80],"while":[81],"in":[85,105,116,122,142,168,186,195],"being":[86],"non-living,":[87],"man-made":[88],"machines":[89],"operate":[90],"bounds":[93],"allopoiesis,":[95],"characterized":[96],"fundamentally":[98,180],"open":[99],"systems.":[100],"On":[101],"view,":[103],"humans":[106],"is":[107,128,146],"enabled":[108],"by":[109],"bio-logic,":[111],"it":[113],"plays":[114],"out":[115],"structurally":[117],"coupled":[118],"organisms":[119],"co-exist":[121],"an":[123],"ontogenetic":[124],"drift;":[125],"something":[126],"which":[127],"impossible":[129],"for":[130,148],"LLM-based":[131,177],"systems":[132,178,209],"given":[133],"their":[134,196],"lack":[135],"biological":[137],"constitution.":[138],"Considering":[139],"specific":[144,222],"sense":[145],"inapt":[147],"thematizing":[149],"human\u2013LLM":[150],"interaction,":[151],"turns":[154],"broader":[157],"\u2018enlanguaged":[160],"cognition\u2019":[161],"theorize":[163],"particular":[166],"phenomenon":[167],"context.":[171],"Specifically,":[172],"how":[176],"differ":[179],"traditional":[182],"tools,":[183],"not":[184],"only":[185],"terms":[187],"dialogicality":[190],"they":[191],"afford":[192],"but":[193],"also":[194],"practical":[197],"openness":[198],"transsituational":[200],"functionality.":[201],"Rather":[202],"than":[203],"operating":[204],"predictable":[206],"instruments,":[207],"these":[208],"actively":[210],"shape":[211],"cognitive":[212],"processes,":[213],"enabling":[214],"new":[215],"forms":[216],"coordinative":[218],"dynamics":[219],"transcend":[221],"situational":[223],"contexts.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
