{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000683538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02016294","title":"Differences in scientific productivity of research units: Measurement and analysis of output inequality","display_name":"Differences in scientific productivity of research units: Measurement and analysis of output inequality","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000683538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02016294","mag":"2000683538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02016294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02016294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068849815","display_name":"W\u0142odzimierz Okrasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-480X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Okrasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Economics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Nowy Swiat 72, 00-330, Warszawa, (Poland)","Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Economics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Nowy Swiat 72, 00-330, Warszawa, (Poland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068849815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17657116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3-4","first_page":"221","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.8594508171081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.8029006719589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5455091595649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.5053616166114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4961462914943695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.40499478578567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30181485414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25928202271461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.1385372281074524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.8594508171081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.8029006719589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5455091595649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5053616166114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4961462914943695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40499478578567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30181485414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25928202271461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1385372281074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02016294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02016294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10936432","https://openalex.org/W578916753","https://openalex.org/W589103863","https://openalex.org/W1547377254","https://openalex.org/W1572833353","https://openalex.org/W1969292440","https://openalex.org/W1971511272","https://openalex.org/W2003866687","https://openalex.org/W2020020306","https://openalex.org/W2036788632","https://openalex.org/W2073017882","https://openalex.org/W2078874174","https://openalex.org/W2082451100","https://openalex.org/W2088334898","https://openalex.org/W2117586052","https://openalex.org/W2135157209","https://openalex.org/W2152337901","https://openalex.org/W2312979272","https://openalex.org/W2315282509","https://openalex.org/W2321124006","https://openalex.org/W2326943757","https://openalex.org/W2889317449","https://openalex.org/W4238880841","https://openalex.org/W4301139280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W4234808182","https://openalex.org/W4255628145","https://openalex.org/W2382043075","https://openalex.org/W2809151339","https://openalex.org/W2216913934","https://openalex.org/W2360673138","https://openalex.org/W2809370583","https://openalex.org/W2440403839"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}