{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004783872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01891441","title":"The application of AI to law","display_name":"The application of AI to law","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004783872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01891441","mag":"2004783872"},"language":"it","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01891441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01891441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067212240","display_name":"Philip Leith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Leith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Jurisprudence, Faculty of Law, Queen's University, Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Jurisprudence, Faculty of Law, Queen's University, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067212240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92810599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13881","display_name":"Sociology and Norbert Elias","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13881","display_name":"Sociology and Norbert Elias","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jurisprudence","display_name":"Jurisprudence","score":0.7208325862884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.6127557754516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5633469820022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.5606064796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5585285425186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-legal-studies","display_name":"Critical legal studies","score":0.47225040197372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4518137574195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44977423548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.42309021949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.42112886905670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-profession","display_name":"Legal profession","score":0.39745503664016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3710845708847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-realism","display_name":"Legal realism","score":0.3596017360687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33481645584106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3275851011276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.30681419372558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10690417885780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09999233484268188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.7208325862884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6127557754516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5633469820022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.5606064796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5585285425186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777976732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140539","display_name":"Critical legal studies","level":4,"score":0.47225040197372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4518137574195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44977423548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.42309021949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.42112886905670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170692843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15987302","display_name":"Legal profession","level":2,"score":0.39745503664016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3710845708847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131330614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779167","display_name":"Legal realism","level":3,"score":0.3596017360687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33481645584106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3275851011276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30681419372558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10690417885780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09999233484268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01891441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01891441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65118405","https://openalex.org/W629068598","https://openalex.org/W1529767232","https://openalex.org/W1533452558","https://openalex.org/W1533974481","https://openalex.org/W1571603731","https://openalex.org/W1987605311","https://openalex.org/W2024067667","https://openalex.org/W2038810444","https://openalex.org/W2320881999","https://openalex.org/W2499135835","https://openalex.org/W2970226365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952887355","https://openalex.org/W1861874845","https://openalex.org/W3122526858","https://openalex.org/W3213783772","https://openalex.org/W1573894852","https://openalex.org/W4256245755","https://openalex.org/W106430493","https://openalex.org/W3124294306","https://openalex.org/W4312579663","https://openalex.org/W2004783872"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
