{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321614356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0617-8_12","title":"Improved Vanishing Gradient Problem for Deep Multi-layer Neural Networks","display_name":"Improved Vanishing Gradient Problem for Deep Multi-layer Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321614356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0617-8_12"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0617-8_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0617-8_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401385","display_name":"Di Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-4360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373210","display_name":"Xia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0039-4754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102901302","display_name":"Jingqiu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114234892","display_name":"Beijing Union University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hg31662","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114234892"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingqiu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China","Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114234892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102901302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114234892","https://openalex.org/I159176309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95723684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"159","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.7823362350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7352192997932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigmoid-function","display_name":"Sigmoid function","score":0.7255289554595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balanced-flow","display_name":"Balanced flow","score":0.7156561613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.6847766041755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6716657876968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6410535573959351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5675640106201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5190352201461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.46736881136894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descent","display_name":"Descent (aeronautics)","score":0.4491075873374939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.42982780933380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4208018183708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-method","display_name":"Gradient method","score":0.4146363437175751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32107239961624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16587281227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11453476548194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10669302940368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10017958283424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.08161962032318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.07963347434997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.0754936933517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.061905741691589355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.7823362350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7352192997932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81388566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526668","display_name":"Sigmoid function","level":3,"score":0.7255289554595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167879884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727568","display_name":"Balanced flow","level":2,"score":0.7156561613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.6847766041755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6716657876968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6410535573959351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5675640106201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5190352201461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.46736881136894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776637919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624380","display_name":"Descent (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4491075873374939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42982780933380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4208018183708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115680565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977448","display_name":"Gradient method","level":2,"score":0.4146363437175751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32107239961624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16587281227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11453476548194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10669302940368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10017958283424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08161962032318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.07963347434997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0754936933517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.061905741691589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0617-8_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0617-8_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036958054","https://openalex.org/W2051405906","https://openalex.org/W2069143585","https://openalex.org/W2553817295","https://openalex.org/W2884552531","https://openalex.org/W2944436518","https://openalex.org/W2963009098","https://openalex.org/W3014646168","https://openalex.org/W3026717820","https://openalex.org/W3045910454","https://openalex.org/W3049387375","https://openalex.org/W3094316335","https://openalex.org/W3143321346","https://openalex.org/W3162222048","https://openalex.org/W3191751572","https://openalex.org/W4221066462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287028882","https://openalex.org/W3192094705","https://openalex.org/W2891466145","https://openalex.org/W4309201680","https://openalex.org/W2015288657","https://openalex.org/W4381797995","https://openalex.org/W4387963920","https://openalex.org/W2610139381","https://openalex.org/W2507690919","https://openalex.org/W4287077847"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}