{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3747535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-18-7_11","title":"Comparison of Feature Dimension Reduction Approach for Writer Verification","display_name":"Comparison of Feature Dimension Reduction Approach for Writer Verification","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3747535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-18-7_11","mag":"3747535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-4585-18-7_11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-18-7_11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179954","display_name":"Lecture notes in electrical engineering","issn_l":"1876-1100","issn":["1876-1100","1876-1119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088732721","display_name":"Rimashadira Ramlee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rimashadira Ramlee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001690160","display_name":"Azah Kamilah Muda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-1319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azah Kamilah Muda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072551128","display_name":"Nurul A. Emran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2051-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Akmar Emran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088732721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00256217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"95","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.7568540573120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.755565881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.677722156047821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6011406779289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5475257635116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5219732522964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5029057860374451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4994313716888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4927871525287628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4518425762653351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.44238007068634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39309558272361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2981182932853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.05253276228904724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.7568540573120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.755565881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.677722156047821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6011406779289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5475257635116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5219732522964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5029057860374451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4994313716888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4927871525287628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4518425762653351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.44238007068634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39309558272361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2981182932853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.05253276228904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-4585-18-7_11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-18-7_11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179954","display_name":"Lecture notes in electrical engineering","issn_l":"1876-1100","issn":["1876-1100","1876-1119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1208489","https://openalex.org/W262970172","https://openalex.org/W1500895378","https://openalex.org/W1606323814","https://openalex.org/W1661871015","https://openalex.org/W2060755870","https://openalex.org/W2096364142","https://openalex.org/W2119387367","https://openalex.org/W2148694408","https://openalex.org/W2152928267","https://openalex.org/W2170172268","https://openalex.org/W2433408137","https://openalex.org/W2539560320","https://openalex.org/W3103913776","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292023222","https://openalex.org/W6609634455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176621072","https://openalex.org/W2995475466","https://openalex.org/W2356785732","https://openalex.org/W4239033281","https://openalex.org/W4380789568","https://openalex.org/W3105745662","https://openalex.org/W4210430843","https://openalex.org/W4379523021","https://openalex.org/W2146824712","https://openalex.org/W20047544"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}