{"id":"https://openalex.org/W197887309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93503-9_49","title":"An Expert System for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Triage of Head Injuries in Remote Environments","display_name":"An Expert System for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Triage of Head Injuries in Remote Environments","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W197887309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93503-9_49","mag":"197887309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-93503-9_49","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93503-9_49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170122","display_name":"Lecture notes in medical informatics","issn_l":"0172-7788","issn":["0172-7788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103541791","display_name":"Robert Fraser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144897","display_name":"Northwest Research Associates","ror":"https://ror.org/0583jne22","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Fraser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Research Associates, Inc., 300 120th Ave. NE, Bldg. 7, Ste. 220, Bellevue, WA, 98009, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Research Associates, Inc., 300 120th Ave. NE, Bldg. 7, Ste. 220, Bellevue, WA, 98009, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112835361","display_name":"Aizik Wolf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100095","display_name":"Maryland Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012zbs470","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aizik Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019306691","display_name":"C. Michael Dunham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7842-9750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100095","display_name":"Maryland Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012zbs470","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Michael Dunham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048388071","display_name":"Stephen Z. Turney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100095","display_name":"Maryland Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012zbs470","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Z. Turney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045774554","display_name":"Brad M. Cushing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100095","display_name":"Maryland Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012zbs470","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad M. Cushing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047664747","display_name":"Ameen I. Ramzy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100095","display_name":"Maryland Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012zbs470","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ameen I. Ramzy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057402017","display_name":"James N. Eastham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100095","display_name":"Maryland Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012zbs470","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James N. Eastham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, 22 So. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103541791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31092437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"275","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.8672999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.8672999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8363000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.7419000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-trauma","display_name":"Head trauma","score":0.6825177669525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triage","display_name":"Triage","score":0.6512887477874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.5898349285125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.5845259428024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laptop","display_name":"Laptop","score":0.551572322845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5049741864204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-aid","display_name":"First aid","score":0.42691296339035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3476744294166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19459012150764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.17426887154579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07950875163078308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019520628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920572","display_name":"Head trauma","level":2,"score":0.6825177669525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.6512887477874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.5898349285125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.5845259428024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.551572322845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5049741864204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778897197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133981","display_name":"First aid","level":2,"score":0.42691296339035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3476744294166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19459012150764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.17426887154579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07950875163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-93503-9_49","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93503-9_49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170122","display_name":"Lecture notes in medical informatics","issn_l":"0172-7788","issn":["0172-7788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122568889","https://openalex.org/W1576974790","https://openalex.org/W1969806589","https://openalex.org/W1989815580","https://openalex.org/W1995529606","https://openalex.org/W2046727047","https://openalex.org/W2166170291","https://openalex.org/W2417855320","https://openalex.org/W4320301321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153292769","https://openalex.org/W2045444909","https://openalex.org/W1516398359","https://openalex.org/W1901656956","https://openalex.org/W2990805456","https://openalex.org/W2941659365","https://openalex.org/W4239210160","https://openalex.org/W2376300433","https://openalex.org/W1975091423","https://openalex.org/W4242605858"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}