{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1835705677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74549-5_27","title":"Blinking-Based Live Face Detection Using Conditional Random Fields","display_name":"Blinking-Based Live Face Detection Using Conditional Random Fields","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1835705677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74549-5_27","mag":"1835705677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74549-5_27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74549-5_27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070657531","display_name":"Lin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-3281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China","Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101975457","display_name":"Gang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-4689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China","Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101973484","display_name":"Zhaohui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-3645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China","Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110512343","display_name":"Shihong Lao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146230289","display_name":"Omron (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q0w1h45","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihong Lao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensing and Control Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Japan","Sensing and Control Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Japan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensing and Control Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensing and Control Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070657531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75920245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"252","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.9485000967979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.8957931995391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8442508578300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6695374250411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.6018730401992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5412549376487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5202109217643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5200045704841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4875170886516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47370049357414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.4594342112541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.43940645456314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3451070189476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.28168243169784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.20393815636634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.0786866843700409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.9485000967979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.8957931995391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8442508578300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6695374250411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.6018730401992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5412549376487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5202109217643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5200045704841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4875170886516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47370049357414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.4594342112541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43940645456314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3451070189476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.28168243169784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.20393815636634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0786866843700409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74549-5_27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74549-5_27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586351097","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2036502167","https://openalex.org/W2068723942","https://openalex.org/W2094214226","https://openalex.org/W2121899951","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2129274446","https://openalex.org/W2136666231","https://openalex.org/W2137359389","https://openalex.org/W2139193890","https://openalex.org/W2144761589","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2156515921","https://openalex.org/W2160367227","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2165715280","https://openalex.org/W4253573210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W182104056","https://openalex.org/W2111726165","https://openalex.org/W2011251309","https://openalex.org/W2511246383","https://openalex.org/W3108423214","https://openalex.org/W2796133761","https://openalex.org/W3088215229","https://openalex.org/W2184553228"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}