{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604695895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15","title":"Assessing Code Authorship: The Case of the Linux Kernel","display_name":"Assessing Code Authorship: The Case of the Linux Kernel","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604695895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15","mag":"2604695895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-57735-7_15.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185096","display_name":"IFIP advances in information and communication technology","issn_l":"1868-422X","issn":["1868-422X","1868-4238"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-57735-7_15.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guilherme Avelino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-0638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121799822","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnx126","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Avelino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil","Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-0638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leonardo Passos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6591-993X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Passos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6591-993X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andre Hora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-1330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Hora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-1330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marco Tulio Valente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-7548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Tulio Valente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-7548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422","https://openalex.org/I3121799822"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74390479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"151","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.11959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.05220000073313713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.6585000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6478999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5837000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.3379000127315521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.6585000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6478999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5837000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10272871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929972","display_name":"Software inspection","level":5,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-57735-7_15.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185096","display_name":"IFIP advances in information and communication technology","issn_l":"1868-422X","issn":["1868-422X","1868-4238"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1703.02925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1703.02925","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.02925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01776321v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01776321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"13th IFIP International Conference on Open Source Systems (OSS), May 2017, Buenos Aires, Argentina. pp.151-163, &#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_15","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-57735-7_15.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185096","display_name":"IFIP advances in information and communication technology","issn_l":"1868-422X","issn":["1868-422X","1868-4238"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/00nc55f03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323198","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnx126"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2604695895.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2604695895.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576040511","https://openalex.org/W1651392559","https://openalex.org/W1975318342","https://openalex.org/W2022897498","https://openalex.org/W2033193852","https://openalex.org/W2062413890","https://openalex.org/W2083973186","https://openalex.org/W2096249199","https://openalex.org/W2097777089","https://openalex.org/W2099332975","https://openalex.org/W2107672258","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2120248976","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2127190390","https://openalex.org/W2131014920","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2134857847","https://openalex.org/W2134876531","https://openalex.org/W2145574830","https://openalex.org/W2152845748","https://openalex.org/W2160469838","https://openalex.org/W2167117640","https://openalex.org/W2214818406","https://openalex.org/W2317739826","https://openalex.org/W2344103814","https://openalex.org/W3132826558","https://openalex.org/W4253053708","https://openalex.org/W4254741915"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Code":[1],"authorship":[2],"is":[3,98,106],"a":[4,62,75,128,134],"key":[5,23],"information":[6],"in":[7,53],"large-scale":[8],"open-source":[9,26,55],"systems.":[10],"Among":[11],"others,":[12],"it":[13],"allows":[14],"maintainers":[15],"to":[16,32,41,84,141],"assess":[17],"division":[18],"of":[19,46,78,91,94,103,110,137],"work":[20],"and":[21],"identify":[22],"collaborators.":[24],"Interestingly,":[25],"communities":[27],"lack":[28],"guidelines":[29],"on":[30,48,65],"how":[31,49],"manage":[33],"authorship.":[34],"This":[35],"could":[36],"be":[37],"mitigated":[38],"by":[39],"setting":[40],"build":[42],"an":[43],"empirical":[44],"body":[45],"knowledge":[47],"authorship-related":[50],"measures":[51],"evolve":[52],"successful":[54],"communities.":[56],"Towards":[57],"that":[58],"direction,":[59],"we":[60],"perform":[61],"case":[63],"study":[64],"the":[66,85,89,92],"Linux":[67],"kernel.":[68],"Our":[69],"results":[70],"show":[71],"that:":[72],"(a)":[73],"only":[74],"small":[76,101],"portion":[77],"developers":[79],"(26%)":[80],"makes":[81],"significant":[82],"contributions":[83],"code":[86],"base;":[87],"(b)":[88],"distribution":[90],"number":[93,136],"files":[95],"per":[96],"author":[97],"highly":[99],"skewed\u2014a":[100],"group":[102],"top-authors":[104],"(3%)":[105],"responsible":[107,117],"for":[108,118],"hundreds":[109],"files,":[111],"while":[112],"most":[113,120,124],"authors":[114,125,132],"(75%)":[115],"are":[116],"at":[119],"11":[121],"files;":[122],"(c)":[123],"(62%)":[126],"have":[127],"specialist":[129],"profile;":[130],"(d)":[131],"with":[133,143,145],"high":[135],"co-authorship":[138],"connections":[139],"tend":[140],"collaborate":[142],"others":[144],"less":[146],"connections.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2017-04-14T00:00:00"}
