{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2525601249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","title":"Forecasting Store Foot Traffic Using Facial Recognition, Time Series and Support Vector Machines","display_name":"Forecasting Store Foot Traffic Using Facial Recognition, Time Series and Support Vector Machines","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2525601249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","mag":"2525601249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764905038","display_name":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","issn_l":"2194-5357","issn":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077829125","display_name":"Paulo Cortez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Cortez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, ALGORITMI Centre, University of Minho, 4804-533, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, ALGORITMI Centre, University of Minho, 4804-533, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052355746","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Miguel Matos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00eds Miguel Matos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, ALGORITMI Centre, University of Minho, 4804-533, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, ALGORITMI Centre, University of Minho, 4804-533, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101632511","display_name":"Pedro Jos\u00e9 Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-8778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Jos\u00e9 Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, ALGORITMI Centre, University of Minho, 4804-533, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, ALGORITMI Centre, University of Minho, 4804-533, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103491017","display_name":"Nuno Santos","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuno Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["EXVA Technologies, Rua do Com\u00e9rcio, 6, 4710-820, Braga, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EXVA Technologies, Rua do Com\u00e9rcio, 6, 4710-820, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035241550","display_name":"Duarte Duque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5508-043X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185808892","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave","ror":"https://ror.org/0448qsq10","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duarte Duque","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALGORITMI Centre, DIGARC - Polytechnic Institute of Cavado and Ave, 4750-810, Barcelos, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALGORITMI Centre, DIGARC - Polytechnic Institute of Cavado and Ave, 4750-810, Barcelos, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077829125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3539,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8200111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"267","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.8277099132537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7127131223678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5245007276535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4857626259326935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47442951798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4389204680919647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37777960300445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3631551265716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06381872296333313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.8277099132537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7127131223678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5245007276535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4857626259326935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47442951798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4389204680919647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37777960300445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3631551265716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06381872296333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764905038","display_name":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","issn_l":"2194-5357","issn":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ciencipca.ipca.pt:11110/1450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11110/1450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/43068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1822/43068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400354","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3riUM (Universidade do Minho)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","host_organization_name":"University of Minho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.uminho.pt:1822/43068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1822/43068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47364-2_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764905038","display_name":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","issn_l":"2194-5357","issn":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1542428670","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1578517626","https://openalex.org/W2017528563","https://openalex.org/W2042506099","https://openalex.org/W2084175761","https://openalex.org/W2103371743","https://openalex.org/W2110510303","https://openalex.org/W2114062456","https://openalex.org/W2116512828","https://openalex.org/W2117354486","https://openalex.org/W2133512501","https://openalex.org/W2134944993","https://openalex.org/W2154830650","https://openalex.org/W2158585626","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2911273949","https://openalex.org/W3125696988","https://openalex.org/W4236518304","https://openalex.org/W4291327732","https://openalex.org/W4302441299","https://openalex.org/W6632687151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W1910826599","https://openalex.org/W2012353789","https://openalex.org/W2530420969","https://openalex.org/W2051187167","https://openalex.org/W1975289146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,32],"explore":[4],"data":[5,65],"collected":[6],"in":[7],"a":[8,13,24,28,53,59,75],"pilot":[9],"project":[10],"that":[11,62,80],"used":[12],"digital":[14],"camera":[15],"and":[16,45,58,88,93,109],"facial":[17],"recognition":[18],"to":[19,23,83,117],"detect":[20],"foot":[21],"traffic":[22,37],"sports":[25],"store.":[26],"Using":[27],"time":[29],"series":[30],"approach,":[31],"model":[33],"daily":[34],"incoming":[35],"store":[36,95,122],"under":[38,74],"three":[39],"classes":[40],"(all":[41,105],"faces,":[42],"female,":[43],"male)":[44],"compare":[46],"six":[47],"forecasting":[48],"approaches,":[49],"including":[50],"Holt-Winters":[51],"(HW),":[52],"Support":[54],"Vector":[55],"Machine":[56],"(SVM)":[57],"HW-SVM":[60,110],"hybrid":[61],"includes":[63],"other":[64],"features":[66],"(e.g.,":[67,120],"weather":[68],"conditions).":[69],"Several":[70],"experiments":[71],"were":[72,100],"held,":[73],"robust":[76],"rolling":[77],"windows":[78],"scheme":[79],"considers":[81],"up":[82],"one":[84],"week":[85],"ahead":[86],"predictions":[87],"two":[89],"metrics":[90],"(predictive":[91],"error":[92],"estimated":[94],"benefit).":[96],"Overall,":[97],"competitive":[98],"results":[99],"achieved":[101],"by":[102],"the":[103],"SVM":[104],"faces),":[106],"HW":[107],"(female)":[108],"(male)":[111],"methods,":[112],"which":[113],"can":[114],"potentially":[115],"lead":[116],"valuable":[118],"gains":[119],"enhancing":[121],"marketing":[123],"or":[124],"human":[125],"resource":[126],"management).":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}