{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414562721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06136-2_30","title":"Validation Challenges in\u00a0Large-Scale Tree Crown Segmentations from\u00a0Remote Sensing Imagery Using Deep Learning: A Case Study in\u00a0Germany","display_name":"Validation Challenges in\u00a0Large-Scale Tree Crown Segmentations from\u00a0Remote Sensing Imagery Using Deep Learning: A Case Study in\u00a0Germany","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414562721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06136-2_30"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06136-2_30","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06136-2_30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002488500","display_name":"Taimur Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-5474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137479271","display_name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000h6jb29","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I137479271"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taimur Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Theodor-Lieser-Street 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-5474","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Theodor-Lieser-Street 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jasmin Krebs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9330-1231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasmin Krebs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leipzig University, Augustusplatz 10, 04109, Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9330-1231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leipzig University, Augustusplatz 10, 04109, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070808458","display_name":"Sharad Kumar Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-1333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137479271","display_name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000h6jb29","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133756","display_name":"Center for Advanced Systems Understanding","ror":"https://ror.org/042b69396","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2801798921","https://openalex.org/I4210133756"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharad Kumar Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["HZDR - Centre for Advanced System Understanding (CASUS), Untermarkt 20, 02826, G\u00f6rlitz, Germany","Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Theodor-Lieser-Street 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-1333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HZDR - Centre for Advanced System Understanding (CASUS), Untermarkt 20, 02826, G\u00f6rlitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Theodor-Lieser-Street 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119097717","display_name":"Jonathan Renkel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68956291","display_name":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqaka33","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Renkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1513-9497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031494633","display_name":"Caroline Arnold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-1517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjp1d79","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline Arnold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Stra\u00dfe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-1517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Stra\u00dfe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024761567","display_name":"Nils N\u00f6lke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-2287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils N\u00f6lke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, University of G\u00f6ttingen, B\u00fcsgenweg 5, 37077, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-2287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, University of G\u00f6ttingen, B\u00fcsgenweg 5, 37077, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002488500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48207776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"311","last_page":"323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.616599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-pattern-recognition","display_name":"Multispectral pattern recognition","score":0.35839998722076416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7253000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7091000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.616599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104541649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935090","display_name":"Multispectral pattern recognition","level":3,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91682802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620538","display_name":"Multidimensional scaling","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183365957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17140402","display_name":"Remote sensing application","level":3,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936","display_name":"Temporal scales","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60478076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036835","display_name":"Reference data","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92446256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762","display_name":"Data validation","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06136-2_30","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06136-2_30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052288247","https://openalex.org/W2952142982","https://openalex.org/W2999219213","https://openalex.org/W3003387640","https://openalex.org/W3213537449","https://openalex.org/W4291950012","https://openalex.org/W4312174354","https://openalex.org/W4312407813","https://openalex.org/W4362608104","https://openalex.org/W4388092733","https://openalex.org/W4388448546","https://openalex.org/W4396613867","https://openalex.org/W4400730941","https://openalex.org/W4401107725","https://openalex.org/W4402260052","https://openalex.org/W4402467492","https://openalex.org/W4404294084","https://openalex.org/W4405095191","https://openalex.org/W4409137858","https://openalex.org/W4410746662","https://openalex.org/W6891922915","https://openalex.org/W6941611919"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}