{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312377015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17899-3_2","title":"A Study of\u00a0Demographic Bias in\u00a0CNN-Based Brain MR Segmentation","display_name":"A Study of\u00a0Demographic Bias in\u00a0CNN-Based Brain MR Segmentation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312377015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17899-3_2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17899-3_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17899-3_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042487820","display_name":"Stefanos Ioannou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2042-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefanos Ioannou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053852359","display_name":"Hana Chockler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094877","display_name":"Atkins (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qcr4910","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hana Chockler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","causaLens Ltd., London, UK","Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"causaLens Ltd., London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045287606","display_name":"Alexander Hammers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-4848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Hammers","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033570737","display_name":"Andrew P. King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-7015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew P. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042487820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9702381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7753386497497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6944724321365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6920079588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6629132032394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.6617658138275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-bias","display_name":"Gender bias","score":0.494747132062912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46104711294174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37563759088516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23618125915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.07373365759849548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7753386497497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6944724321365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6920079588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6629132032394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6617658138275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.494747132062912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46104711294174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37563759088516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23618125915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.07373365759849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17899-3_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17899-3_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/e36db052-be98-4c75-b14a-8bdb7c52b419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141808686&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ioannou, S, Chockler, H & Hammers, A & King, A P 2022, A Study of\u00a0Demographic Bias in\u00a0CNN-Based Brain MR Segmentation. in A Abdulkadir, D R Bathula, N C Dvornek, M Habes, S M Kia, V Kumar & T Wolfers (eds), Machine Learning in Clinical Neuroimaging - 5th International Workshop, MLCN 2022, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2022, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 13596 LNCS, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 13-22, 5th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Clinical Neuroimaging, MLCN 2022, held in Conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022, Singapore, Singapore, 18/09/2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17899-3_2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982132176","https://openalex.org/W2149463687","https://openalex.org/W2149598685","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2762913643","https://openalex.org/W2884156795","https://openalex.org/W2956767972","https://openalex.org/W2963884380","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3030030520","https://openalex.org/W3033157674","https://openalex.org/W3033878890","https://openalex.org/W3097558241","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3184845774","https://openalex.org/W3203636625","https://openalex.org/W4225685317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2492471733","https://openalex.org/W3013012681","https://openalex.org/W2337668750","https://openalex.org/W2076106997","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2980238164","https://openalex.org/W2496505685","https://openalex.org/W61429289","https://openalex.org/W1718051419","https://openalex.org/W2495030604"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2023-01-04T00:00:00"}