{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221047222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96308-8_10","title":"Investigating Drug Peddling in Nigeria Using a Machine Learning Approach","display_name":"Investigating Drug Peddling in Nigeria Using a Machine Learning Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221047222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96308-8_10"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96308-8_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96308-8_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169156","display_name":"Lecture notes in networks and systems","issn_l":"2367-3370","issn":["2367-3370","2367-3389"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Oluwafemi Samson Balogun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-3059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oluwafemi Samson Balogun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-3059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024290939","display_name":"Sunday Adewale Olaleye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19002584","display_name":"JAMK University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dn2ng71","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19002584"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunday Adewale Olaleye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Rajakatu 35, 40100, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-3989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Rajakatu 35, 40100, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19002584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112573256","display_name":"Mazhar Moshin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazhar Moshin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109056542","display_name":"Keijo Haataja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keijo Haataja","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112195714","display_name":"Xiao-Zhi Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Zhi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114254232","display_name":"Pekka Toivanen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Toivanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5838,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95525217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"103","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.9222999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.778181791305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7573822736740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7151691913604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.7140740156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suspect","display_name":"Suspect","score":0.6884146332740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5678774118423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5519112348556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.5249873399734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4901367127895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4872688055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.46503323316574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.46092578768730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.4526880979537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3490528464317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.20940810441970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.19654592871665955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.778181791305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7573822736740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7151691913604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.7140740156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224952","display_name":"Suspect","level":2,"score":0.6884146332740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5678774118423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5519112348556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5249873399734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4901367127895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4872688055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46503323316574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.46092578768730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.4526880979537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3490528464317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.20940810441970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19654592871665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96308-8_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96308-8_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169156","display_name":"Lecture notes in networks and systems","issn_l":"2367-3370","issn":["2367-3370","2367-3389"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51774998","https://openalex.org/W141250315","https://openalex.org/W1502208229","https://openalex.org/W1604400055","https://openalex.org/W1931122250","https://openalex.org/W1976333952","https://openalex.org/W1993237752","https://openalex.org/W1999863729","https://openalex.org/W2009560687","https://openalex.org/W2012013690","https://openalex.org/W2013351689","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2060748369","https://openalex.org/W2083603470","https://openalex.org/W2108753082","https://openalex.org/W2124659406","https://openalex.org/W2144087101","https://openalex.org/W2162016767","https://openalex.org/W2163532190","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2315402944","https://openalex.org/W2543708641","https://openalex.org/W2563377673","https://openalex.org/W2588713212","https://openalex.org/W2614945682","https://openalex.org/W2750139613","https://openalex.org/W2789497104","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912707296","https://openalex.org/W3012331251","https://openalex.org/W3026368955","https://openalex.org/W3091749350","https://openalex.org/W3094198841","https://openalex.org/W3122307213","https://openalex.org/W3125740724","https://openalex.org/W3159074702","https://openalex.org/W3196215720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281846282","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W4293069612","https://openalex.org/W4200057378","https://openalex.org/W4246246790","https://openalex.org/W2936214295","https://openalex.org/W3127425528","https://openalex.org/W3170784702","https://openalex.org/W3083327307","https://openalex.org/W4200059385"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
