{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023536300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47436-2_63","title":"An Empirical Model for n-gram Frequency Distribution in Large Corpora","display_name":"An Empirical Model for n-gram Frequency Distribution in Large Corpora","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023536300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47436-2_63","mag":"3023536300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47436-2_63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47436-2_63","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-47436-2_63.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-47436-2_63.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018886810","display_name":"Joaquim Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-1180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joaquim F. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics, Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-1180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054259184","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 C. Cunha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-8348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose C. Cunha","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics, Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-8348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018886810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.825,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74557972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"840","last_page":"851"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.8093747496604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram","display_name":"Gram","score":0.7071874737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6597700119018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.651965320110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.6472115516662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.536477267742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-distribution","display_name":"Frequency distribution","score":0.4971466362476349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.45671406388282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42539939284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.41964447498321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4090223014354706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.36309492588043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32005417346954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2505059242248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2174413800239563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.8093747496604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161369605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41803","display_name":"Gram","level":3,"score":0.7071874737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6597700119018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.651965320110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.6472115516662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.536477267742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51921466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1627586","display_name":"Frequency distribution","level":2,"score":0.4971466362476349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45671406388282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42539939284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.41964447498321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4090223014354706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.36309492588043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32005417346954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2505059242248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2174413800239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47436-2_63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47436-2_63","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-47436-2_63.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7206297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7206297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47436-2_63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47436-2_63","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-47436-2_63.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5766540765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UID/CEC/04516/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331406","funder_display_name":"NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6847720314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UID/CEC/04516/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/045b9pr88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331406","display_name":"NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023536300.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023536300.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584996725","https://openalex.org/W1993803315","https://openalex.org/W2036671379","https://openalex.org/W2042085493","https://openalex.org/W2044606595","https://openalex.org/W2048176942","https://openalex.org/W2079656678","https://openalex.org/W2109664771","https://openalex.org/W2547808313","https://openalex.org/W2577959091","https://openalex.org/W2585519081","https://openalex.org/W3105803046","https://openalex.org/W4230526081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906970013","https://openalex.org/W3126081632","https://openalex.org/W2625039379","https://openalex.org/W2088254117","https://openalex.org/W4391592887","https://openalex.org/W4254593385","https://openalex.org/W2790582133","https://openalex.org/W2250909759","https://openalex.org/W2532616038","https://openalex.org/W1901380241"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
