{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945811520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19909-8_20","title":"Paid Crowdsourcing, Low Income Contributors, and Subjectivity","display_name":"Paid Crowdsourcing, Low Income Contributors, and Subjectivity","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945811520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19909-8_20","mag":"2945811520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19909-8_20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19909-8_20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185096","display_name":"IFIP advances in information and communication technology","issn_l":"1868-422X","issn":["1868-422X","1868-4238"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-02363840","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023468555","display_name":"Giannis Haralabopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-4975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giannis Haralabopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-4975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070095814","display_name":"Christian Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027117910","display_name":"Derek McAuley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-9933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek McAuley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045528384","display_name":"Ioannis Anagnostopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-0522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Anagnostopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023468555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93359841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"225","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9412708282470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.7476353645324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.703316330909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6833891272544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5966091752052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.5578187108039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjectivity","display_name":"Subjectivity","score":0.4637065529823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4516637623310089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3295697569847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.31472623348236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25609657168388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.13554233312606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1314234733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11392384767532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.1081916093826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.10725873708724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0978178083896637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9412708282470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.7476353645324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.703316330909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6833891272544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5966091752052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5578187108039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202889954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139554","display_name":"Subjectivity","level":2,"score":0.4637065529823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4516637623310089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3295697569847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31472623348236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25609657168388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.13554233312606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1314234733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11392384767532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1081916093826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.10725873708724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0978178083896637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19909-8_20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19909-8_20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185096","display_name":"IFIP advances in information and communication technology","issn_l":"1868-422X","issn":["1868-422X","1868-4238"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02363840v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-02363840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"15th IFIP International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI), May 2019, Hersonissos, Greece. pp.225-231, &#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-030-19909-8_20&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uth.gr:11615/73898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11615/73898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400243","display_name":"University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","host_organization_name":"University of Thessaly","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"conferenceItem"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:4554105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4554105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02363840v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-02363840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"15th IFIP International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI), May 2019, Hersonissos, Greece. pp.225-231, &#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-030-19909-8_20&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7856825579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M02315X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565732937","https://openalex.org/W1998933811","https://openalex.org/W2058738785","https://openalex.org/W2114269021","https://openalex.org/W2135504089","https://openalex.org/W2182894058","https://openalex.org/W2182992846","https://openalex.org/W2402582321","https://openalex.org/W2800467540","https://openalex.org/W2902690450","https://openalex.org/W3126123353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2511805441","https://openalex.org/W2108936692","https://openalex.org/W4317927411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scientific":[0],"projects":[1],"that":[2,43,88],"require":[3],"human":[4],"computation":[5],"often":[6],"resort":[7],"to":[8,14,59,81],"crowdsourcing.":[9],"Interested":[10],"individuals":[11],"can":[12],"contribute":[13],"a":[15,31,56,93,113,141,165,176],"crowdsourcing":[16,115],"task,":[17,116],"essentially":[18],"contributing":[19],"towards":[20],"the":[21,41,45,62,65,105,121,124,134,157],"project\u2019s":[22],"goals.":[23],"To":[24],"motivate":[25],"participation":[26],"and":[27,40,119],"engagement,":[28],"scientists":[29,54],"use":[30],"variety":[32],"of":[33,98,109,123,128],"reward":[34],"mechanisms.":[35],"The":[36,138],"most":[37],"common":[38],"motivation,":[39],"one":[42],"yields":[44],"fastest":[46],"results,":[47],"is":[48,67],"monetary":[49,100,158],"rewards.":[50],"By":[51],"using":[52],"monetary,":[53],"address":[55],"wider":[57],"audience":[58],"participate":[60],"in":[61],"task.":[63],"As":[64],"payment":[66],"below":[68],"minimum":[69],"wage":[70],"for":[71],"developed":[72],"economies,":[73],"users":[74],"from":[75,126,147],"developing":[76],"countries":[77],"are":[78],"more":[79],"eager":[80],"participate.":[82],"In":[83],"subjective":[84,114],"tasks,":[85],"or":[86,95],"tasks":[87],"cannot":[89],"be":[90],"validated":[91],"through":[92],"right":[94],"wrong":[96],"type":[97],"validation,":[99],"incentives":[101],"could":[102],"contrast":[103],"with":[104],"much":[106],"needed":[107],"quality":[108,122,162],"submissions.":[110],"We":[111],"perform":[112],"emotion":[117],"annotation,":[118],"compare":[120],"answers":[125,163,174],"contributors":[127,146,171],"varying":[129,148],"income":[130,152,170],"levels,":[131],"based":[132],"on":[133],"Gross":[135],"Domestic":[136],"Product.":[137],"results":[139],"indicate":[140],"different":[142],"contribution":[143],"process":[144],"between":[145],"GDP":[149],"regions.":[150],"Low":[151],"contributors,":[153],"possibly":[154],"driven":[155],"by":[156],"incentive,":[159],"submit":[160],"low":[161],"at":[164,175],"higher":[166],"pace,":[167],"while":[168],"high":[169],"provide":[172],"diverse":[173],"slower":[177],"pace.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-05-29T00:00:00"}
