{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902311217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_13","title":"Using Formal Methods to Validate Research Hypotheses: The Duolingo Case Study","display_name":"Using Formal Methods to Validate Research Hypotheses: The Duolingo Case Study","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902311217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_13","mag":"2902311217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048782242","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Cerone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-5279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Cerone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089110486","display_name":"Aiym Zhexenbayeva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiym Zhexenbayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048782242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9272188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"163","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9412000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8560308218002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8286259174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5029041171073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.49631768465042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4608006775379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4092687666416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3972700834274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32112789154052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.31204479932785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.083656907081604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8560308218002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8286259174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5029041171073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.49631768465042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4608006775379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4092687666416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3972700834274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32112789154052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.31204479932785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.083656907081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187355723","https://openalex.org/W2752491485","https://openalex.org/W2903513991","https://openalex.org/W4302601033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W2725786787"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}