{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2394818004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2188-6","title":"Markov Models for Handwriting Recognition","display_name":"Markov Models for Handwriting Recognition","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2394818004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2188-6","mag":"2394818004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2188-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2188-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184905","display_name":"SpringerBriefs in computer science","issn_l":"2191-5768","issn":["2191-5768","2191-5776"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SpringerBriefs in Computer Science","raw_type":"book"},"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111516020","display_name":"Thomas Pl\u00f6tz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Pl\u00f6tz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Culture Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Culture Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048407937","display_name":"Gernot A. Fink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-7813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gernot A. Fink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111516020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86220472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.8340862989425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6744105815887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6371564865112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5710510015487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.517015814781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49847865104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.49491995573043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.49075111746788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.48145928978919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.18614664673805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.13045674562454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10425108671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.04290604591369629}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.8340862989425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6744105815887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6371564865112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5710510015487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.517015814781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49847865104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.49491995573043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.49075111746788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.48145928978919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.18614664673805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.13045674562454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10425108671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.04290604591369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2188-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2188-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184905","display_name":"SpringerBriefs in computer science","issn_l":"2191-5768","issn":["2191-5768","2191-5776"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SpringerBriefs in Computer Science","raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:ebook:27696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078/ebook:27696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98380933","https://openalex.org/W112321091","https://openalex.org/W4231130957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997886197","https://openalex.org/W4386428871","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W3163065387","https://openalex.org/W2406729210"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}