{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162194896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59497-3_207","title":"Learning transformed prototypes (LTP) \u2014 A statistical pattern classification technique of neural networks","display_name":"Learning transformed prototypes (LTP) \u2014 A statistical pattern classification technique of neural networks","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162194896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59497-3_207","mag":"2162194896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-59497-3_207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59497-3_207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108520170","display_name":"Y. Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0603-748X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y. Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108750261","display_name":"T.G. Clarkson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. G. Clarkson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087611680","display_name":"Jordan Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-992X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. G. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108520170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23352259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"441","last_page":"447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9456999897956848,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-vector-quantization","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","score":0.886099636554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8332496881484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.7739837169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6508628726005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6230055689811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.6142446398735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5039214491844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5018031597137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-learning","display_name":"Competitive learning","score":0.49762776494026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4547639489173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.4518543779850006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.43996328115463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4143359363079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3658181428909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35275882482528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10681241750717163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40567965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820283","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","level":3,"score":0.886099636554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8332496881484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.7739837169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6508628726005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6230055689811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.6142446398735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5039214491844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5018031597137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120822770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156355","display_name":"Competitive learning","level":3,"score":0.49762776494026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4547639489173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.4518543779850006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43996328115463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4143359363079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3658181428909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35275882482528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10681241750717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-59497-3_207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59497-3_207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W95146502","https://openalex.org/W1991848143","https://openalex.org/W2021801581","https://openalex.org/W2066207533","https://openalex.org/W2084772916","https://openalex.org/W2088820996","https://openalex.org/W2130250615","https://openalex.org/W2134319906","https://openalex.org/W2428525026","https://openalex.org/W2621340891","https://openalex.org/W3022351671","https://openalex.org/W3141386157","https://openalex.org/W4244017338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352648934","https://openalex.org/W2145213141","https://openalex.org/W2170599662","https://openalex.org/W2071781501","https://openalex.org/W4256056790","https://openalex.org/W1526963685","https://openalex.org/W2010250397","https://openalex.org/W1938766623","https://openalex.org/W1518241128","https://openalex.org/W2513378678"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}