{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1928311635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-53414-8_46","title":"Minimizing picture words","display_name":"Minimizing picture words","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1928311635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-53414-8_46","mag":"1928311635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-53414-8_46","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-53414-8_46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076244925","display_name":"Patrice S\u00e9\u00e9bold","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrice S\u00e9\u00e9bold","raw_affiliation_strings":["I.U.T. de Calais, dept. inform., C.N.R.S. - U.A. 369, L.I.F.L., Universit\u00e9 de Lille1, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq C\u00e9dex, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lille1"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"I.U.T. de Calais, dept. inform., C.N.R.S. - U.A. 369, L.I.F.L., Universit\u00e9 de Lille1, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq C\u00e9dex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028383363","display_name":"Karine Slowinski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karine Slowinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["C.N.R.S. - U.A. 369, L.I.F.L., Universit\u00e9 de Lille1, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq C\u00e9dex, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lille1"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C.N.R.S. - U.A. 369, L.I.F.L., Universit\u00e9 de Lille1, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq C\u00e9dex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076244925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82113304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"234","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.8106462955474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7691909670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.7560982704162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.5890777111053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-problem","display_name":"Word problem (mathematics education)","score":0.5399067997932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.4976058304309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4902646839618683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3615005612373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35823509097099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3489590287208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.20302614569664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19287154078483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11997950077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.052772074937820435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.8106462955474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7691909670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.7560982704162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.5890777111053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90988201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255912","display_name":"Word problem (mathematics education)","level":2,"score":0.5399067997932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4976058304309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4902646839618683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3615005612373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35823509097099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3489590287208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.20302614569664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19287154078483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11997950077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.052772074937820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-53414-8_46","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-53414-8_46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128453691","https://openalex.org/W956032893","https://openalex.org/W1535681052","https://openalex.org/W1593258398","https://openalex.org/W1986558002","https://openalex.org/W2134649675","https://openalex.org/W2170633497","https://openalex.org/W2276792833","https://openalex.org/W2914032487","https://openalex.org/W6759367340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2684956015","https://openalex.org/W1986117021","https://openalex.org/W365049119","https://openalex.org/W3088566498","https://openalex.org/W4310527795","https://openalex.org/W3099396151","https://openalex.org/W2016799182","https://openalex.org/W4235762796","https://openalex.org/W2800057389","https://openalex.org/W2970986883"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}