{"id":"https://openalex.org/W21030383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_41","title":"Some New Directions in the Syntax and Semantics of Formal Languages","display_name":"Some New Directions in the Syntax and Semantics of Formal Languages","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W21030383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_41","mag":"21030383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44929-9_41","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070609290","display_name":"Gordon Plotkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-6096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gordon D. Plotkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070609290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0048269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"596","last_page":"596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9074000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9074000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8557234406471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7419359683990479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.7143819332122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.624076783657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-semantics","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","score":0.5402562022209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-grammar","display_name":"Formal grammar","score":0.4998776912689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-language","display_name":"Formal language","score":0.42965930700302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.4245492219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3242747187614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.12054026126861572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8557234406471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7419359683990479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.7143819332122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.624076783657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146499914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469969","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5402562022209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171553443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373045","display_name":"Formal grammar","level":3,"score":0.4998776912689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.42965930700302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.4245492219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3242747187614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.12054026126861572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44929-9_41","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44929-9_41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022086173","https://openalex.org/W2503024976","https://openalex.org/W2264123539","https://openalex.org/W2003662434","https://openalex.org/W4362513707","https://openalex.org/W2030688702","https://openalex.org/W1502188990","https://openalex.org/W4312562141","https://openalex.org/W2036364764","https://openalex.org/W3013569947"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}