{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140762411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z","title":"Hierarchical context modeling and prototype-mediated cross-modal alignment for histopathology report generation","display_name":"Hierarchical context modeling and prototype-mediated cross-modal alignment for histopathology report generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140762411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113288797","display_name":"Chengxin Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090408660","display_name":"Jingqin Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-1953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingqin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130662058","display_name":"Guangli Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangli Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110695069","display_name":"Renzhong Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renzhong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130689640","display_name":"Shiying Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiying Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130697579","display_name":"Nan Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130685615","display_name":"Boyang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130703042","display_name":"Jianguo Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108480","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nxv5c88","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914","https://openalex.org/I4210108480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130689697","display_name":"Donghong Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghong Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130679952","display_name":"Hongbin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130679952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35850173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.4514000117778778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.4514000117778778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.2125999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.09459999948740005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.3257000148296356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6133000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144986985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871236","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbffea0143c04240816ca057a42acef3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbffea0143c04240816ca057a42acef3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 38, Iss 5 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00672-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7668089866638184}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G280700968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62161011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7806167833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2770165365","https://openalex.org/W2903721568","https://openalex.org/W2945807221","https://openalex.org/W2964253311","https://openalex.org/W2964325005","https://openalex.org/W2997704374","https://openalex.org/W3034655362","https://openalex.org/W3104609094","https://openalex.org/W3132799678","https://openalex.org/W3135547872","https://openalex.org/W3173688449","https://openalex.org/W3176719058","https://openalex.org/W3181252431","https://openalex.org/W3216130706","https://openalex.org/W4229027955","https://openalex.org/W4312468136","https://openalex.org/W4322097019","https://openalex.org/W4385948838","https://openalex.org/W4386065580","https://openalex.org/W4386076127","https://openalex.org/W4386162736","https://openalex.org/W4387034856","https://openalex.org/W4389104868","https://openalex.org/W4392947521","https://openalex.org/W4392947532","https://openalex.org/W4398201291","https://openalex.org/W4401749887","https://openalex.org/W4402727764","https://openalex.org/W4402780128","https://openalex.org/W4403365550","https://openalex.org/W4403365556","https://openalex.org/W4403365632","https://openalex.org/W4403365661","https://openalex.org/W4403594373","https://openalex.org/W4404143589","https://openalex.org/W4405731949","https://openalex.org/W4406168947","https://openalex.org/W4408079468","https://openalex.org/W4409599168","https://openalex.org/W4409916757","https://openalex.org/W4411120278","https://openalex.org/W4411352533","https://openalex.org/W4413145963","https://openalex.org/W4413147544","https://openalex.org/W4413147613","https://openalex.org/W4413147729","https://openalex.org/W4414105080","https://openalex.org/W4414350459","https://openalex.org/W4416624650","https://openalex.org/W4417263460"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Histopathology":[1,54],"in":[2,22,75,131],"whole":[3],"slide":[4],"images":[5],"(WSIs)":[6],"serves":[7],"as":[8,146],"the":[9,25,79,186,189],"gold":[10],"standard":[11],"for":[12,38,107,185],"cancer":[13],"diagnosis,":[14],"with":[15,103],"clinical":[16],"reports":[17],"playing":[18],"a":[19,46,94,117,136],"critical":[20],"role":[21],"decision-making.":[23],"However,":[24],"time-consuming":[26],"nature":[27],"of":[28,71,188],"conventional":[29],"pathological":[30],"examination":[31],"has":[32],"driven":[33],"increasing":[34],"and":[35,78,127,152,165],"urgent":[36],"demand":[37],"automated":[39],"report":[40],"generation.":[41],"Deep":[42],"learning":[43],"methods":[44],"offer":[45],"certain":[47],"potential":[48],"to":[49,68,122,141,149],"revolutionize":[50],"this":[51],"requirement":[52],"by":[53,110],"Report":[55],"Generation":[56],"(HRG).":[57],"Nevertheless,":[58],"existing":[59],"HRG":[60],"approaches":[61],"suffer":[62],"from":[63],"low-quality":[64],"generation":[65,163],"results":[66],"due":[67],"ineffective":[69],"exploration":[70],"multi-scale":[72,124],"visual":[73],"context":[74,101,119,126],"gigapixel":[76],"WSIs":[77],"inherent":[80],"semantic":[81,144],"gap":[82],"between":[83],"heterogeneous":[84],"vision-language":[85,154],"modalities.":[86],"To":[87],"address":[88],"these":[89],"challenges,":[90],"we":[91,115,134],"propose":[92,135],"HC-Gen,":[93],"novel":[95],"framework":[96],"which":[97],"synergistically":[98],"combines":[99],"hierarchical":[100,118],"modeling":[102],"prototype-mediate":[104],"cross-modal":[105,137],"alignment":[106],"HRG.":[108],"Inspired":[109],"pathologists\u2019":[111],"anatomically-grounded":[112],"diagnostic":[113],"logic,":[114],"design":[116],"fusion":[120],"module":[121,140],"integrate":[123],"visual-semantic":[125],"implicit":[128],"hierarchy":[129],"prior":[130],"WSIs.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"prototypical":[138],"memory":[139],"establish":[142],"learnable":[143],"prototypes":[145],"intermediate":[147],"bridges":[148],"achieve":[150],"unified":[151],"efficient":[153],"alignment.":[155],"Model":[156],"performance":[157],"was":[158],"assessed":[159],"through":[160],"natural":[161],"language":[162],"metrics":[164],"human":[166],"evaluation,":[167],"extensive":[168],"experiments":[169],"on":[170],"two":[171],"benchmark":[172],"datasets":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"that":[175],"HC-Gen":[176],"outperforms":[177],"state-of-the-art":[178],"methods.":[179],"Extra":[180],"visualization":[181],"provides":[182],"crucial":[183],"support":[184],"interpretability":[187],"decision":[190],"process.":[191],"Our":[192],"code":[193],"is":[194],"available":[195],"at:":[196],"https://github.com/Modaoshuangming/HC-Gen":[197],".":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-03-27T00:00:00"}
