{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135401356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2","title":"CTNEE-Net: A cascaded transformer network with edge enhancement for low-dose femoral head CT image denoising","display_name":"CTNEE-Net: A cascaded transformer network with edge enhancement for low-dose femoral head CT image denoising","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135401356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129189525","display_name":"Guoqing Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129257050","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059363328","display_name":"L. K. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7366-1307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101479071","display_name":"Yongpeng Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8103-7021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongpeng Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129251959","display_name":"Yanfeng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129148005","display_name":"Huayu Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162181","display_name":"Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05br7cm44","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162181"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huayu Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042401243","display_name":"Xiangyang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162181","display_name":"Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05br7cm44","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162181"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162181"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129148005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162181"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26316556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.24860000610351562,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.24860000610351562,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.07559999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.06129999831318855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.6104999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-enhancement","display_name":"Edge enhancement","score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3481000065803528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7099000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.6104999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30108884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242761","display_name":"Edge enhancement","level":4,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018181011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6849688","display_name":"Contrast enhancement","level":3,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182037307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17039097","display_name":"Image gradient","level":5,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017601658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image enhancement","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8491dbe1107c4e93854ff14c91c80f91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8491dbe1107c4e93854ff14c91c80f91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 38, Iss 5 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00653-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004703305","https://openalex.org/W2126926806","https://openalex.org/W2441870095","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2613155248","https://openalex.org/W2765964624","https://openalex.org/W2778924750","https://openalex.org/W2798559986","https://openalex.org/W2891639959","https://openalex.org/W3095556331","https://openalex.org/W3111535274","https://openalex.org/W3188921881","https://openalex.org/W3203382879","https://openalex.org/W3207478510","https://openalex.org/W4200462364","https://openalex.org/W4220967357","https://openalex.org/W4225672218","https://openalex.org/W4306247150","https://openalex.org/W4308371836","https://openalex.org/W4312065483","https://openalex.org/W4312812783","https://openalex.org/W4312908055","https://openalex.org/W4321232185","https://openalex.org/W4322622372","https://openalex.org/W4376607984","https://openalex.org/W4382537067","https://openalex.org/W4382794301","https://openalex.org/W4385948425","https://openalex.org/W4387164668","https://openalex.org/W4387218748","https://openalex.org/W4390707065","https://openalex.org/W4390948981","https://openalex.org/W4393282053","https://openalex.org/W4399270191","https://openalex.org/W4401509954","https://openalex.org/W4402556721","https://openalex.org/W4402858737","https://openalex.org/W4408628385","https://openalex.org/W4411276595"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"recent":[2],"years,":[3],"low-dose":[4],"computed":[5],"tomography":[6],"(LDCT)":[7],"image":[8,23,67,234],"denoising":[9,68,80,219],"techniques":[10],"for":[11,65,85,232],"the":[12,157,170,202],"femoral":[13,86],"head":[14,87],"have":[15],"become":[16],"a":[17,72,93,112,140,223],"prominent":[18],"research":[19],"focus":[20],"in":[21,40,213],"medical":[22],"processing":[24],"because":[25],"they":[26],"maintain":[27],"diagnostic":[28],"accuracy":[29],"while":[30,106],"reducing":[31],"radiation":[32],"exposure.":[33],"However,":[34],"current":[35],"methods":[36],"still":[37],"face":[38],"challenges":[39],"preserving":[41,214],"edge":[42,63,82,104,149,215],"structures":[43,216],"and":[44,81,121,151,178,184,217,229],"facilitating":[45],"collaborative":[46],"multi-domain":[47,205],"feature":[48,206],"modeling.":[49,128],"To":[50],"address":[51],"these":[52],"challenges,":[53],"this":[54,208],"paper":[55],"proposes":[56],"an":[57,130],"end-to-end":[58],"cascaded":[59],"transformer":[60],"network":[61,91],"with":[62],"enhancement":[64,83],"LDCT":[66,88,233],"(CTNEE-Net),":[69],"which":[70,138],"employs":[71],"multi-stage":[73],"learnable":[74],"unfolding":[75],"architecture":[76],"to":[77,124,143],"synergistically":[78],"optimize":[79],"specifically":[84],"images.":[89],"The":[90],"introduces":[92],"Learnable":[94],"Edge":[95],"Feature":[96],"Extraction":[97],"Module":[98,134],"(LEFEM)":[99],"that":[100,117,174,225],"adaptively":[101],"enhances":[102],"bone":[103],"details":[105],"suppressing":[107],"noise.":[108],"It":[109],"also":[110,192],"incorporates":[111],"Hybrid":[113],"Transformer":[114],"Block":[115],"(HTB)":[116],"integrates":[118],"frequency-domain":[119],"attention":[120],"spatial":[122],"self-attention":[123],"improve":[125],"global":[126],"context":[127],"Furthermore,":[129],"Advanced":[131],"Edge-Aware":[132],"Fusion":[133],"(AEAM)":[135],"is":[136],"proposed,":[137],"utilizes":[139],"gating":[141],"mechanism":[142],"enable":[144],"cross-domain":[145],"adaptive":[146],"fusion":[147],"of":[148,159,181,204],"features":[150],"deep":[152],"semantic":[153],"features,":[154],"thereby":[155,221],"enhancing":[156,218],"recovery":[158],"fine":[160],"structures.":[161],"Experimental":[162],"results":[163],"on":[164,189],"3":[165],"mm":[166],"slice":[167],"data":[168,191],"from":[169],"Mayo":[171],"dataset":[172],"show":[173],"CTNEE-Net":[175],"achieves":[176],"PSNR":[177],"SSIM":[179],"values":[180],"34.05":[182],"dB":[183],"0.9229,":[185],"respectively.":[186],"Subjective":[187],"evaluations":[188],"clinical":[190,230],"demonstrate":[193],"its":[194],"superiority":[195],"over":[196],"comparative":[197],"methods.":[198],"By":[199],"effectively":[200],"addressing":[201],"insufficiency":[203],"synergy,":[207],"study":[209],"offers":[210],"significant":[211],"advantages":[212],"performance,":[220],"providing":[222],"solution":[224],"combines":[226],"high":[227],"performance":[228],"practicality":[231],"post-processing.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2026-03-15T00:00:00"}