{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131401618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7","title":"A metamorphic relation recommendation method utilizing program syntax and semantic similarity","display_name":"A metamorphic relation recommendation method utilizing program syntax and semantic similarity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131401618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126843592","display_name":"Yin Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China","School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126792729","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126798410","display_name":"Zhuting Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuting Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126809424","display_name":"Xiaohua Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126784741","display_name":"Jie Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101463905","display_name":"Shiyu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4067-9652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126799730","display_name":"Tao Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126792729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30327839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.4821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.4821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.13179999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.544700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamorphic-rock","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4336000084877014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6798999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.544700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26687426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47069","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","level":2,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:548896bd52f44d16bd53c647b5b40b7e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/548896bd52f44d16bd53c647b5b40b7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 38, Iss 4 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00597-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1264480674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12575176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1789848803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025JJ70193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1104960690","https://openalex.org/W1982483659","https://openalex.org/W2004727615","https://openalex.org/W2023556458","https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2067676171","https://openalex.org/W2117805756","https://openalex.org/W2128782367","https://openalex.org/W2280554095","https://openalex.org/W2756212243","https://openalex.org/W2794744252","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2969812409","https://openalex.org/W2994070200","https://openalex.org/W2995975239","https://openalex.org/W3033234877","https://openalex.org/W3043078865","https://openalex.org/W3125675786","https://openalex.org/W3184041223","https://openalex.org/W3193289990","https://openalex.org/W4206201555","https://openalex.org/W4301168982","https://openalex.org/W4313154583","https://openalex.org/W4313562037","https://openalex.org/W4313563607","https://openalex.org/W4376606826","https://openalex.org/W4382406517","https://openalex.org/W4384345648","https://openalex.org/W4385977849","https://openalex.org/W4387739662","https://openalex.org/W4388233744","https://openalex.org/W4392453941","https://openalex.org/W4399206703","https://openalex.org/W4400425584","https://openalex.org/W4400582875","https://openalex.org/W4402896859","https://openalex.org/W4405975445","https://openalex.org/W4406262262","https://openalex.org/W4406320569","https://openalex.org/W4408280786","https://openalex.org/W4409356571","https://openalex.org/W4413871832"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metamorphic":[0],"testing":[1],"is":[2,70],"a":[3,18],"valuable":[4],"approach":[5,69],"for":[6,59],"addressing":[7],"the":[8,12,22,53,73],"oracle":[9],"problem,":[10],"with":[11,65,86,93,104,121,155],"identification":[13,146,165],"of":[14,24,55],"metamorphic":[15,25,46,57,80,87,98,111,161],"relations":[16,26,47,58,88,112],"being":[17],"crucial":[19],"task.":[20],"Despite":[21],"availability":[23],"in":[27,39,48,113,126],"previously":[28],"studied":[29],"programs,":[30],"many":[31],"current":[32],"studies":[33],"do":[34],"not":[35],"leverage":[36],"them,":[37],"resulting":[38],"inefficiencies":[40],"and":[41,95,141,150,163],"reliability":[42],"challenges":[43],"when":[44],"identifying":[45],"new":[49,60],"programs.":[50,67,137],"SimiMR":[51,138],"proposes":[52],"recommendation":[54],"verified":[56],"code":[61,105,114],"by":[62,144],"leveraging":[63],"similarities":[64],"existing":[66,160],"This":[68],"based":[71],"on":[72],"assumption":[74],"that":[75,110],"akin":[76,79],"programs":[77,120],"exhibit":[78],"relations,":[81,99,162],"thus":[82],"linking":[83],"program":[84],"similarity":[85,91,102],"classification:":[89],"semantic":[90],"corresponds":[92,103],"physical":[94,127],"computational":[96,129],"model":[97,106],"whereas":[100,124],"syntactic":[101],"ones.":[107],"Experiments":[108],"demonstrate":[109],"models":[115,130],"are":[116],"effectively":[117],"reusable":[118],"among":[119],"similar":[122,136,142],"syntax,":[123],"those":[125],"or":[128],"can":[131],"be":[132],"applied":[133],"to":[134],"semantically":[135],"surpasses":[139],"AutoMR":[140],"methods":[143],"enhancing":[145],"efficiency,":[147],"extending":[148],"applicability,":[149],"minimizing":[151],"redundancy.":[152],"It":[153],"operates":[154],"minimal":[156],"domain":[157],"knowledge,":[158],"leverages":[159],"keeps":[164],"costs":[166],"low.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-20T08:49:12.498775","created_date":"2026-02-26T00:00:00"}