{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131222508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y","title":"A hybrid framework for unsupervised domain adaptation: Integrating feature alignment, parameter adaptation, and instance selection","display_name":"A hybrid framework for unsupervised domain adaptation: Integrating feature alignment, parameter adaptation, and instance selection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131222508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007301470","display_name":"Shaofei Zang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaofei Zang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-4729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082634844","display_name":"Huimin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-2607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025811796","display_name":"GUOSEN YAN HUI XIAN DAIQIAN XIE","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guosen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071385608","display_name":"Xinghai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1390-1026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92092256","display_name":"Huanghe Science and Technology College","ror":"https://ror.org/008p6rr25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92092256"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, 450006, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, 450006, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92092256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102809747","display_name":"Nannan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6738-9404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nannan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054812413","display_name":"Jiwei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-1292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126708790","display_name":"Jianwei Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126708790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18275266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8860999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7059000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5264000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.39590001106262207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8860999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7059000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6862000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5264000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43555835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300258","display_name":"Conditional probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139532973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679259","display_name":"Linear classifier","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:69a84892f3a942c3ad7d69b5ab86f5e6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/69a84892f3a942c3ad7d69b5ab86f5e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 38, Iss 4 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00487-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7318230271339417}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3938807848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6213964824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62576345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W2057266281","https://openalex.org/W2059477850","https://openalex.org/W2096943734","https://openalex.org/W2115403315","https://openalex.org/W2122838776","https://openalex.org/W2149466042","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2342085406","https://openalex.org/W2343359588","https://openalex.org/W2559874658","https://openalex.org/W2798681837","https://openalex.org/W2803106019","https://openalex.org/W2809105537","https://openalex.org/W2936984295","https://openalex.org/W2962986791","https://openalex.org/W2963275094","https://openalex.org/W2963693396","https://openalex.org/W2964288524","https://openalex.org/W2979920800","https://openalex.org/W2980096013","https://openalex.org/W2991405316","https://openalex.org/W2996588991","https://openalex.org/W2999216888","https://openalex.org/W3010381534","https://openalex.org/W3039489616","https://openalex.org/W3039712633","https://openalex.org/W3039883906","https://openalex.org/W3041133507","https://openalex.org/W3045675141","https://openalex.org/W3096015486","https://openalex.org/W3132532743","https://openalex.org/W3135939397","https://openalex.org/W3137525302","https://openalex.org/W3176554980","https://openalex.org/W3180849682","https://openalex.org/W3202947444","https://openalex.org/W4220903119","https://openalex.org/W4221100204","https://openalex.org/W4224220763","https://openalex.org/W4250714819","https://openalex.org/W4291221223","https://openalex.org/W4294225743","https://openalex.org/W4295908664","https://openalex.org/W4310915349","https://openalex.org/W4312354469","https://openalex.org/W4324142429","https://openalex.org/W4379471668","https://openalex.org/W4382941132","https://openalex.org/W4386401350","https://openalex.org/W4387272100","https://openalex.org/W4387516531","https://openalex.org/W4388626357","https://openalex.org/W4390872940","https://openalex.org/W4398188205","https://openalex.org/W4399683688","https://openalex.org/W4401551333","https://openalex.org/W4404627556","https://openalex.org/W4404641467"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Unsupervised":[1],"Domain":[2],"Adaptation":[3,100],"(UDA),":[4],"a":[5,23,27,72,97,120,186,209,233,259,284,294,309],"key":[6],"subfield":[7],"of":[8,84,101,127,228,329,349],"Transfer":[9],"Learning":[10],"(TL),":[11],"addresses":[12],"the":[13,81,125,173,176,220,226,229,250,254,270,313,320,326,346,350],"performance":[14,348],"degradation":[15],"caused":[16],"by":[17],"domain":[18,30,336],"shift":[19],"that":[20,190,218],"occurs":[21],"when":[22],"model":[24],"trained":[25,265],"on":[26,53,266,334],"labeled":[28],"source":[29,267,285,305],"is":[31,182,202,237,264,277],"applied":[32,238],"to":[33,71,184,207,239,307,355],"an":[34],"unlabeled":[35],"target":[36,139,298,310],"domain.":[37],"Despite":[38],"considerable":[39],"advances,":[40],"most":[41],"existing":[42],"UDA":[43,357],"methods":[44],"suffer":[45],"from":[46],"two":[47],"major":[48],"limitations:":[49],"(1)":[50],"heavy":[51],"reliance":[52],"extracting":[54],"domain-invariant":[55],"features":[56],"without":[57],"explicitly":[58],"enhancing":[59],"their":[60],"discriminative":[61,131,161,234],"power":[62],"for":[63,108,319],"classification":[64],"or":[65,79],"recognition":[66],"tasks,":[67],"and":[68,104,116,136,148,169,194,242,302,343],"(2)":[69],"confinement":[70],"single":[73],"adaptation":[74,87,257,337],"strategy-such":[75],"as":[76,293],"feature-based,":[77],"instance-based,":[78],"parameter-based-overlooking":[80],"potential":[82],"advantages":[83],"combining":[85],"multiple":[86],"paradigms.":[88],"To":[89,224],"tackle":[90],"these":[91],"issues":[92],"simultaneously,":[93],"this":[94],"paper":[95],"proposes":[96],"novel":[98],"Hybrid":[99],"Feature,":[102],"Parameter,":[103],"Instance":[105],"(HA-FPI)":[106],"framework":[107,353],"UDA.":[109],"HA-FPI":[110,352],"integrates":[111],"feature":[112,145,164,188,231,251,272],"alignment,":[113],"parameter":[114,167,256],"adaptation,":[115,168],"instance":[117],"selection":[118],"into":[119,279],"unified":[121],"optimization":[122],"objective,":[123],"facilitating":[124],"extraction":[126],"cross-domain":[128,151,162,210],"invariant":[129,163],"yet":[130],"features,":[132],"optimizing":[133],"shared":[134,230,271],"parameters,":[135],"selecting":[137],"high-confidence":[138,297],"samples.":[140],"This":[141],"integrated":[142],"approach":[143],"mitigates":[144],"distribution":[146,196],"discrepancy":[147,197],"significantly":[149],"enhances":[150],"knowledge":[152,221],"transfer":[153,222,289],"efficiency.":[154],"The":[155],"proposed":[156,351],"method":[157],"comprises":[158],"three":[159],"stages:":[160],"extraction,":[165],"classifier":[166,255],"fused":[170,315],"decision-making.":[171],"In":[172,312],"first":[174],"stage,":[175,258,317],"Cross-Domain":[177],"Mean":[178],"Approximation":[179],"(CDMA)":[180],"distance":[181],"minimized":[183],"identify":[185],"low-dimensional":[187],"subspace":[189],"reduces":[191],"both":[192,240,330],"marginal":[193],"conditional":[195],"between":[198],"domains.":[199],"Additionally,":[200],"CDMA":[201,276,292],"combined":[203,303],"with":[204,287,304],"linear":[205,211],"interpolation":[206],"construct":[208],"sample":[212],"generation":[213],"mechanism,":[214],"producing":[215],"transitional":[216],"samples":[217,248,268,299,306,322],"smooth":[219],"process.":[223],"improve":[225],"discriminability":[227],"representations,":[232],"penalty":[235],"constraint":[236],"original":[241],"synthesized":[243],"samples,":[244],"effectively":[245],"separating":[246],"heterogeneous":[247],"in":[249],"subspace.":[252,273],"During":[253],"Least":[260],"Squares":[261],"Regression":[262],"(LSR)":[263],"within":[269],"A":[274],"unidirectional":[275],"incorporated":[278],"its":[280],"objective":[281],"function,":[282],"yielding":[283],"LSR":[286],"inherent":[288],"capability.":[290],"Using":[291],"confidence":[295],"measure,":[296],"are":[300,323],"selected":[301],"train":[308],"LSR.":[311],"final":[314],"decision":[316],"predictions":[318],"test":[321],"obtained":[324],"through":[325],"joint":[327],"decisions":[328],"LSRs.":[331],"Extensive":[332],"experiments":[333],"benchmark":[335],"datasets":[338],"including":[339],"Office+Caltech256,":[340],"Office-31,":[341],"USPS+MNIST,":[342],"ImageCLEF":[344],"demonstrate":[345],"superior":[347],"compared":[354],"state-of-the-art":[356],"methods.":[358]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}
