{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117324994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y","title":"Wavelet convolutional neural network and dual-channel feature extraction for automatic modulation classification","display_name":"Wavelet convolutional neural network and dual-channel feature extraction for automatic modulation classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117324994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100819676","display_name":"Wenke Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenke Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121328034","display_name":"Xiaoyan Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121315252","display_name":"Kai Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-6819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025866427","display_name":"Jingke Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingke Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009319979","display_name":"Peng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7942-388X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi\u2019an, 710025, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121315252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":1.22,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8841672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morlet-wavelet","display_name":"Morlet wavelet","score":0.741100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6514999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6057999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.41350001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778280487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505077","display_name":"Morlet wavelet","level":5,"score":0.741100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6984999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6514999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6057999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155777637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736187","display_name":"Wavelet packet decomposition","level":4,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73339587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375942","display_name":"Stationary wavelet transform","level":5,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6529c2d4ab5f4061835073564dcafb93","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6529c2d4ab5f4061835073564dcafb93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 38, Iss 2, Pp 1-30 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00382-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7542189359664917}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072550346","https://openalex.org/W2120019163","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2795250928","https://openalex.org/W3000943722","https://openalex.org/W3060435609","https://openalex.org/W3085631338","https://openalex.org/W3101503122","https://openalex.org/W3123268700","https://openalex.org/W3176469059","https://openalex.org/W4205182328","https://openalex.org/W4285106632","https://openalex.org/W4285238813","https://openalex.org/W4323060368","https://openalex.org/W4323338327","https://openalex.org/W4324290967","https://openalex.org/W4361265350","https://openalex.org/W4385603047","https://openalex.org/W4392822940","https://openalex.org/W4399943253","https://openalex.org/W4404295325","https://openalex.org/W4405937207","https://openalex.org/W4405975648","https://openalex.org/W4406890544","https://openalex.org/W4407758667","https://openalex.org/W4409153567"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"Modulation":[1],"Classification":[2],"(AMC)":[3],"identifies":[4],"modulation":[5],"formats":[6],"to":[7,72,132,215],"ensure":[8],"correct":[9],"signal":[10,14,236],"demodulation":[11,237],"and":[12,26,52,107,136,149,171,179,229,238],"interference":[13,239],"recognition":[15],"for":[16,124,233],"wireless":[17,235],"communication.":[18],"To":[19],"address":[20],"the":[21,77,87,142,146,154,174,184,208],"issues":[22],"of":[23],"feature":[24,50,94],"degradation":[25],"high":[27],"misjudgment":[28],"rates":[29],"in":[30,86,211,241],"AMC":[31],"under":[32,202],"low":[33,203],"Signal-to-Noise":[34],"Ratio":[35],"(SNR)":[36],"conditions,":[37,206],"this":[38],"paper":[39],"proposes":[40],"a":[41,44,57,65,92],"method":[42,156],"combining":[43],"wavelet":[45,68],"convolutional":[46],"frontend,":[47],"heterogeneous":[48],"dual-channel":[49,93],"extraction,":[51],"Squeeze-and-Excitation":[53],"(SE)":[54],"reweighting.":[55,127],"First,":[56],"multiscale":[58],"Wavelet":[59],"Convolutional":[60,103],"Neural":[61,104],"Network":[62,105,114],"based":[63],"on":[64,76,145],"fixed":[66],"Morlet":[67],"kernel":[69],"is":[70,97],"constructed":[71],"perform":[73],"bandpass":[74],"analysis":[75],"input,":[78],"suppressing":[79],"out-of-band":[80],"noise":[81],"while":[82,183],"preserving":[83],"discriminative":[84],"features":[85,129],"carrier":[88],"frequency":[89],"neighborhood.":[90],"Second,":[91],"extraction":[95],"structure":[96],"designed,":[98],"incorporating":[99],"IQ":[100],"sequences":[101],"into":[102,110,141],"(CNN)":[106],"AP":[108],"data":[109],"Long":[111],"Short-Term":[112],"Memory":[113],"(LSTM)":[115],"branches":[116],"separately,":[117],"with":[118,163,207],"SE":[119],"module":[120],"after":[121],"each":[122],"branch":[123],"sample-adaptive":[125],"channel":[126],"Finally,":[128],"are":[130],"fused":[131],"achieve":[133],"complementary":[134],"spatial":[135],"temporal":[137],"information":[138],"before":[139],"feeding":[140],"classifier.":[143],"Experiments":[144],"RadioML2016.10a,":[147],"RadioML2016.10b,":[148],"RML22":[150],"datasets":[151,162],"demonstrate":[152],"that":[153],"proposed":[155,223],"exhibits":[157],"strong":[158],"adaptability":[159],"across":[160],"different":[161],"moderate":[164],"complexity.":[165],"At":[166],"SNR":[167,191,218],"=":[168,192,219],"-4":[169],"dB":[170],"0":[172],"dB,":[173],"classification":[175],"accuracy":[176,186,212],"reaches":[177],"87.5%":[178],"93.7%":[180],"(RML22),":[181],"respectively,":[182],"highest":[185],"achieves":[187],"96.8%":[188],"(RML22)":[189],"at":[190,217],"18":[193],"dB.":[194,221],"It":[195],"outperforms":[196],"six":[197],"baseline":[198],"comparison":[199],"models,":[200],"particularly":[201],"signal-to-noise":[204],"ratio":[205],"maximum":[209],"improvement":[210],"reaching":[213],"up":[214],"19.0%(RadioML2016.10a)":[216],"-6":[220],"The":[222],"approach":[224],"provides":[225],"practical":[226],"frontend":[227],"design":[228],"model":[230],"integration":[231],"techniques":[232],"low-SNR":[234],"identification":[240],"engineering":[242],"applications.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-12-26T00:00:00"}
