{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413307278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1","title":"Enhancing the efficiency of patent classification: a multimodal classification approach for design patents","display_name":"Enhancing the efficiency of patent classification: a multimodal classification approach for design patents","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413307278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaodong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0955-5450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0955-5450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103000998","display_name":"Jie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-6718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mengjia Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjia Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianting Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianting Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongxiang Sheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxiang Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":4.6628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94415503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9074000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48916319012641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4293648898601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3544555604457855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48916319012641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4293648898601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3544555604457855}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/116093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/116093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1e491a9ee684af7b5311e94405ab903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1e491a9ee684af7b5311e94405ab903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 37, Iss 7, Pp 1-17 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00185-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1838594565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72171122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413307278.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413307278.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971579776","https://openalex.org/W1993068194","https://openalex.org/W2054644187","https://openalex.org/W2062418945","https://openalex.org/W2082036180","https://openalex.org/W2084319893","https://openalex.org/W2152953875","https://openalex.org/W2344010590","https://openalex.org/W2570926664","https://openalex.org/W2601153696","https://openalex.org/W2889961245","https://openalex.org/W2896685184","https://openalex.org/W2912305564","https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W2997071385","https://openalex.org/W3102360334","https://openalex.org/W3103587400","https://openalex.org/W3123194504","https://openalex.org/W3127947143","https://openalex.org/W3172806051","https://openalex.org/W3175901146","https://openalex.org/W3176713826","https://openalex.org/W3183039454","https://openalex.org/W4200211261","https://openalex.org/W4206312142","https://openalex.org/W4214666412","https://openalex.org/W4224310713","https://openalex.org/W4281260434","https://openalex.org/W4283731290","https://openalex.org/W4298326888","https://openalex.org/W4312941859","https://openalex.org/W4321033098","https://openalex.org/W4322736091","https://openalex.org/W4362579348","https://openalex.org/W4376226279","https://openalex.org/W4386047824","https://openalex.org/W4386065852","https://openalex.org/W4392131573","https://openalex.org/W4392903703","https://openalex.org/W4393034172","https://openalex.org/W4394862951","https://openalex.org/W4399039797","https://openalex.org/W4406371526","https://openalex.org/W4407690908","https://openalex.org/W4409160203","https://openalex.org/W4409263016","https://openalex.org/W6600617704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,37,44,73,83,89,93,111,122,137,152],"rapid":[2],"increase":[3],"in":[4,18,132,159],"number":[6],"of":[7,20,39,76,92,114,156],"design":[8,40,60,115],"patent":[9,12,52,61,148,157],"applications,":[10],"traditional":[11],"classification":[13,38,113],"systems":[14],"encounter":[15],"significant":[16],"challenges":[17],"terms":[19],"both":[21,151],"efficiency":[22,155],"and":[23,42,49,64,136,154],"scalability.":[24],"This":[25,79,140],"paper":[26],"introduces":[27],"a":[28,66,107],"multimodal":[29,67,104],"feature":[30,74],"fusion":[31],"approach":[32,80],"that":[33,121],"aims":[34],"to":[35,71,101],"improve":[36],"patents":[41],"address":[43],"growing":[45],"need":[46],"for":[47,146],"faster":[48],"more":[50],"accurate":[51],"examination":[53,158],"processes.":[54],"By":[55],"extracting":[56],"modality-specific":[57],"features":[58,105],"from":[59],"texts,":[62],"images,":[63],"metadata,":[65],"representation":[68],"is":[69,99],"constructed":[70],"optimize":[72],"representations":[75],"each":[77],"modality.":[78],"effectively":[81],"captures":[82],"interactions":[84],"among":[85],"modalities,":[86],"thereby":[87],"increasing":[88,150],"expressive":[90],"power":[91],"features.":[94],"Furthermore,":[95],"an":[96,143],"attention":[97],"mechanism":[98],"employed":[100],"integrate":[102],"these":[103],"into":[106],"unified":[108],"representation,":[109],"facilitating":[110],"automatic":[112],"patents.":[116],"The":[117],"empirical":[118],"results":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"proposed":[123],"method":[124],"significantly":[125],"outperforms":[126],"baseline":[127],"models,":[128],"achieving":[129],"substantial":[130],"improvements":[131],"accuracy,":[133],"precision,":[134],"recall,":[135],"F1":[138],"score.":[139],"study":[141],"provides":[142],"innovative":[144],"solution":[145],"automating":[147],"classification,":[149],"accuracy":[153],"practical":[160],"applications.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}