{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412810251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8","title":"Unmasking AI-created visual content: a review of generated images and deepfake detection technologies","display_name":"Unmasking AI-created visual content: a review of generated images and deepfake detection technologies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412810251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434298","display_name":"Yupeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-5579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yupeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zongwei Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongwei Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shanyuan Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanyuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015144801","display_name":"Chengyou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-2492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153682","display_name":"Intelligent Health (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0576zak10","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158823","display_name":"Weihai Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx4xx46","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengyou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing-Computing Integration, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Electronic Packaging Testing and Application, Weihai, 264209, China","Shandong University\u2013Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Weihai, 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-2492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing-Computing Integration, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Electronic Packaging Testing and Application, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University\u2013Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036693904","display_name":"Xiao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-7379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153682","display_name":"Intelligent Health (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0576zak10","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158823","display_name":"Weihai Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx4xx46","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing-Computing Integration, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Electronic Packaging Testing and Application, Weihai, 264209, China","Shandong University\u2013Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Weihai, 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing-Computing Integration, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Electronic Packaging Testing and Application, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University\u2013Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Weihai, 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015144801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I34949971","https://openalex.org/I4210153682","https://openalex.org/I4210158823"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":6.7385,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97484705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.611356794834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5031034350395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4868185222148895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3705810308456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13125985860824585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.611356794834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5031034350395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4868185222148895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3705810308456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13125985860824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e57e52810f7d487d97e83cd0e8650ce4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e57e52810f7d487d97e83cd0e8650ce4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 37, Iss 6, Pp 1-31 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00154-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2014384603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3321601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335774","funder_display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2906377974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G532767513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021LZH003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334065","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8534507394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021MF060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334065","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335774","display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412810251.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412810251.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":191,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2811414481","https://openalex.org/W2889677435","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2904573504","https://openalex.org/W2907295878","https://openalex.org/W2909336075","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2912648825","https://openalex.org/W2914447220","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962974533","https://openalex.org/W2963626105","https://openalex.org/W2963684180","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W2970952463","https://openalex.org/W2971144153","https://openalex.org/W2991302305","https://openalex.org/W2991318208","https://openalex.org/W2995663066","https://openalex.org/W3010699567","https://openalex.org/W3012472557","https://openalex.org/W3024207815","https://openalex.org/W3034196597","https://openalex.org/W3034577585","https://openalex.org/W3034713808","https://openalex.org/W3034795015","https://openalex.org/W3034864980","https://openalex.org/W3034900344","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3037675456","https://openalex.org/W3092879151","https://openalex.org/W3092997524","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3094728142","https://openalex.org/W3103750171","https://openalex.org/W3108281670","https://openalex.org/W3108854358","https://openalex.org/W3119106047","https://openalex.org/W3119222417","https://openalex.org/W3128490151","https://openalex.org/W3135413014","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3161417217","https://openalex.org/W3166466426","https://openalex.org/W3174656926","https://openalex.org/W3175342695","https://openalex.org/W3178708968","https://openalex.org/W3183999072","https://openalex.org/W3187526215","https://openalex.org/W3191630110","https://openalex.org/W3202868197","https://openalex.org/W3217278836","https://openalex.org/W4210241935","https://openalex.org/W4213449918","https://openalex.org/W4214684483","https://openalex.org/W4214809420","https://openalex.org/W4214876496","https://openalex.org/W4226333682","https://openalex.org/W4287758545","https://openalex.org/W4288090950","https://openalex.org/W4293518933","https://openalex.org/W4297498506","https://openalex.org/W4307479129","https://openalex.org/W4308233774","https://openalex.org/W4308234128","https://openalex.org/W4308237189","https://openalex.org/W4312388283","https://openalex.org/W4312388562","https://openalex.org/W4312710588","https://openalex.org/W4312753047","https://openalex.org/W4312758842","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4313042219","https://openalex.org/W4313048095","https://openalex.org/W4313177092","https://openalex.org/W4313189772","https://openalex.org/W4313476637","https://openalex.org/W4313639609","https://openalex.org/W4317796367","https://openalex.org/W4317987748","https://openalex.org/W4319296799","https://openalex.org/W4323647648","https://openalex.org/W4324135515","https://openalex.org/W4361287653","https://openalex.org/W4366957254","https://openalex.org/W4375869427","https://openalex.org/W4376461282","https://openalex.org/W4378506811","https://openalex.org/W4379522362","https://openalex.org/W4379805045","https://openalex.org/W4381300935","https://openalex.org/W4381302520","https://openalex.org/W4381512030","https://openalex.org/W4385815563","https://openalex.org/W4386071953","https://openalex.org/W4386075954","https://openalex.org/W4386076380","https://openalex.org/W4386590429","https://openalex.org/W4386590781","https://openalex.org/W4387493138","https://openalex.org/W4387665622","https://openalex.org/W4388002730","https://openalex.org/W4388927818","https://openalex.org/W4389370799","https://openalex.org/W4389421609","https://openalex.org/W4389742134","https://openalex.org/W4389850214","https://openalex.org/W4390873235","https://openalex.org/W4391019749","https://openalex.org/W4391404116","https://openalex.org/W4391513954","https://openalex.org/W4391555851","https://openalex.org/W4391557868","https://openalex.org/W4391741272","https://openalex.org/W4391987733","https://openalex.org/W4391992501","https://openalex.org/W4392737360","https://openalex.org/W4392904043","https://openalex.org/W4392948149","https://openalex.org/W4393098582","https://openalex.org/W4393145674","https://openalex.org/W4393170546","https://openalex.org/W4393170828","https://openalex.org/W4393213376","https://openalex.org/W4393375171","https://openalex.org/W4393928270","https://openalex.org/W4393939825","https://openalex.org/W4393968982","https://openalex.org/W4394597038","https://openalex.org/W4394653966","https://openalex.org/W4394897011","https://openalex.org/W4394939037","https://openalex.org/W4394969450","https://openalex.org/W4394984992","https://openalex.org/W4395686273","https://openalex.org/W4396575225","https://openalex.org/W4396948515","https://openalex.org/W4399138486","https://openalex.org/W4399252995","https://openalex.org/W4399261595","https://openalex.org/W4399418483","https://openalex.org/W4399431188","https://openalex.org/W4399556631","https://openalex.org/W4399695098","https://openalex.org/W4399911107","https://openalex.org/W4399980772","https://openalex.org/W4400222289","https://openalex.org/W4400624794","https://openalex.org/W4400716502","https://openalex.org/W4400828592","https://openalex.org/W4400966917","https://openalex.org/W4401210503","https://openalex.org/W4401571548","https://openalex.org/W4401979958","https://openalex.org/W4402127110","https://openalex.org/W4402127262","https://openalex.org/W4402351099","https://openalex.org/W4402352361","https://openalex.org/W4402353757","https://openalex.org/W4402623742","https://openalex.org/W4402637504","https://openalex.org/W4402715915","https://openalex.org/W4402715994","https://openalex.org/W4402716164","https://openalex.org/W4402716253","https://openalex.org/W4402726899","https://openalex.org/W4402727598","https://openalex.org/W4402727702","https://openalex.org/W4402753619","https://openalex.org/W4402753859","https://openalex.org/W4402753949","https://openalex.org/W4402754249","https://openalex.org/W4402772264","https://openalex.org/W4402915445","https://openalex.org/W4402915964","https://openalex.org/W4402916005","https://openalex.org/W4402916629","https://openalex.org/W4402916679","https://openalex.org/W4402916950","https://openalex.org/W4402952411","https://openalex.org/W4402980018","https://openalex.org/W4402980392","https://openalex.org/W4403277964","https://openalex.org/W4403757505","https://openalex.org/W4404143292","https://openalex.org/W4404199615","https://openalex.org/W4404649743","https://openalex.org/W4405183175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,75,121,148],"this":[1],"era,":[2],"digital":[3],"images":[4,19,23,39],"and":[5,12,20,24,29,40,51,118,132,136,146,193,202],"videos":[6,25,41],"are":[7],"ubiquitous":[8],"in":[9,33,68,108],"people\u2019s":[10,27],"lives,":[11],"generative":[13,130],"models":[14,131],"can":[15,42],"easily":[16],"produce":[17],"high-quality":[18],"videos.":[21],"These":[22],"enrich":[26],"lives":[28],"play":[30],"important":[31],"roles":[32],"various":[34],"fields.":[35],"However,":[36],"maliciously":[37],"generated":[38],"mislead":[43],"the":[44,69,78,88,98,122,142,149,173,178,186,207],"public,":[45],"manipulate":[46],"public":[47],"opinion,":[48],"invade":[49],"privacy,":[50],"even":[52],"lead":[53],"to":[54],"illegal":[55],"activities.":[56],"Therefore,":[57],"detecting":[58],"AI-created":[59,91,102,210],"visual":[60,92,103,211],"content":[61,93,104,212],"has":[62,85],"become":[63],"a":[64],"significant":[65],"research":[66,200],"topic":[67],"field":[70],"of":[71,81,90,144,157,181,209],"multimedia":[72],"information":[73,189],"security.":[74],"recent":[76,109],"years,":[77,110],"rapid":[79],"development":[80,208],"deep":[82],"learning":[83],"technology":[84],"greatly":[86],"accelerated":[87],"progress":[89],"detection.":[94,120],"This":[95],"survey":[96],"introduces":[97],"detection":[99,117,125,134,139,151,213],"technologies":[100],"for":[101,206],"that":[105],"have":[106],"developed":[107],"divided":[111],"into":[112],"two":[113],"parts:":[114],"AI-generated":[115,123],"image":[116,124],"deepfake":[119,150,159],"section,":[126,152],"we":[127,153,197],"introduce":[128],"current":[129],"basic":[133],"frameworks,":[135],"overview":[137,156],"existing":[138,158,182],"methods":[140,183],"from":[141],"perspectives":[143],"unimodal":[145],"multimodal.":[147],"provide":[154],"an":[155],"generation":[160],"technique":[161],"classifications,":[162],"commonly":[163],"used":[164],"datasets,":[165],"followed":[166],"by":[167],"some":[168],"common":[169],"evaluation":[170],"metrics":[171],"within":[172],"field.":[174],"We":[175],"also":[176],"analyze":[177],"technical":[179],"characteristics":[180],"based":[184],"on":[185],"different":[187],"feature":[188],"they":[190],"utilize,":[191],"summarizing":[192],"categorizing":[194],"them.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"propose":[198],"future":[199],"directions":[201],"conclusions,":[203],"offering":[204],"suggestions":[205],"technologies.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}