{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410252081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3","title":"A review on automated plant disease detection: motivation, limitations, challenges, and recent advancements for future research","display_name":"A review on automated plant disease detection: motivation, limitations, challenges, and recent advancements for future research","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410252081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103208514","display_name":"Sajid Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-1488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sajid Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080627786","display_name":"Anas Alsuhaibani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5184-6810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas Alsuhaibani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082380898","display_name":"Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-6725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033502448","display_name":"Fahdah Almarshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6047-7844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahdah Almarshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034187574","display_name":"Youssef N. Altherwy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-6638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youssef N. Altherwy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084968897","display_name":"Tallha Akram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tallha Akram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103208514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":31.8554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99762005,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10494","display_name":"Plant Virus Research Studies","score":0.9089000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9007999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5042239427566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.46040523052215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45544859766960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.33743441104888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.26368919014930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.09841227531433105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5042239427566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.46040523052215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45544859766960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33743441104888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26368919014930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09841227531433105}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db6a55e0b66841498e9b545359e76bd3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db6a55e0b66841498e9b545359e76bd3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 37, Iss 3, Pp 1-36 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00040-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8808940321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 01/2024/28439.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334464","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334464","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410252081.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410252081.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122671423","https://openalex.org/W2800739703","https://openalex.org/W2888713935","https://openalex.org/W2904387025","https://openalex.org/W2969545732","https://openalex.org/W2989646980","https://openalex.org/W3043158170","https://openalex.org/W3106505022","https://openalex.org/W4252745224","https://openalex.org/W4282974753","https://openalex.org/W4284896605","https://openalex.org/W4291753147","https://openalex.org/W4292103831","https://openalex.org/W4295854770","https://openalex.org/W4310241727","https://openalex.org/W4313403774","https://openalex.org/W4313589487","https://openalex.org/W4319998068","https://openalex.org/W4321382132","https://openalex.org/W4322500450","https://openalex.org/W4323644159","https://openalex.org/W4324257920","https://openalex.org/W4327738674","https://openalex.org/W4376273848","https://openalex.org/W4379051837","https://openalex.org/W4380079524","https://openalex.org/W4380991893","https://openalex.org/W4381487685","https://openalex.org/W4381619157","https://openalex.org/W4382073525","https://openalex.org/W4386027735","https://openalex.org/W4387366250","https://openalex.org/W4387757558","https://openalex.org/W4387975216","https://openalex.org/W4388039405","https://openalex.org/W4388797016","https://openalex.org/W4388829008","https://openalex.org/W4389270632","https://openalex.org/W4389526900","https://openalex.org/W4389617116","https://openalex.org/W4390497073","https://openalex.org/W4390699199","https://openalex.org/W4390735682","https://openalex.org/W4390881629","https://openalex.org/W4390933386","https://openalex.org/W4391099979","https://openalex.org/W4391176540","https://openalex.org/W4391230451","https://openalex.org/W4391235397","https://openalex.org/W4391278496","https://openalex.org/W4391392820","https://openalex.org/W4391531549","https://openalex.org/W4391569413","https://openalex.org/W4391621786","https://openalex.org/W4391657005","https://openalex.org/W4391690562","https://openalex.org/W4391733696","https://openalex.org/W4391817607","https://openalex.org/W4391844053","https://openalex.org/W4391963963","https://openalex.org/W4392055931","https://openalex.org/W4392504831","https://openalex.org/W4392553454","https://openalex.org/W4392562605","https://openalex.org/W4392754729","https://openalex.org/W4392978901","https://openalex.org/W4393059270","https://openalex.org/W4393065844","https://openalex.org/W4393066003","https://openalex.org/W4393155820","https://openalex.org/W4393320927","https://openalex.org/W4393341748","https://openalex.org/W4393391197","https://openalex.org/W4393441055","https://openalex.org/W4393636404","https://openalex.org/W4394895268","https://openalex.org/W4394993768","https://openalex.org/W4395050166","https://openalex.org/W4395112476","https://openalex.org/W4395669617","https://openalex.org/W4396667000","https://openalex.org/W4396680676","https://openalex.org/W4396733110","https://openalex.org/W4396751818","https://openalex.org/W4396810788","https://openalex.org/W4396851350","https://openalex.org/W4396896543","https://openalex.org/W4396900420","https://openalex.org/W4396972646","https://openalex.org/W4397001018","https://openalex.org/W4397291098","https://openalex.org/W4397291855","https://openalex.org/W4399039799","https://openalex.org/W4399117066","https://openalex.org/W4399163077","https://openalex.org/W4399199219","https://openalex.org/W4399258389","https://openalex.org/W4399386137","https://openalex.org/W4400351269","https://openalex.org/W4400421465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developing":[0],"countries":[1],"face":[2],"significant":[3],"challenges":[4,239],"in":[5,18,76,145,203,223,228,243],"healthcare,":[6],"education,":[7],"technological":[8],"advancement,":[9],"and":[10,30,64,93,100,133,149,153,176,196,206,220,233,240,268,273],"farming,":[11],"with":[12],"agriculture":[13],"playing":[14],"an":[15,107,114,128],"important":[16],"role":[17],"economic":[19,31],"growth.":[20,275],"Ensuring":[21],"adequate":[22],"food":[23],"production":[24],"is":[25,38,158],"essential":[26],"for":[27,40,58,137,168,180,256],"citizens'":[28],"survival":[29],"stability.":[32],"Early":[33],"detection":[34,54,111,119,232,246],"of":[35,130,171,216,259],"plant":[36,52,99,109,124,138,146,181,224],"disease":[37,53,74,110,125,139,147,182,225,245],"critical":[39],"increasing":[41],"agricultural":[42],"yields":[43],"through":[44],"efficient":[45],"control":[46],"methods.":[47],"As":[48],"a":[49,165,213,253],"result,":[50],"autonomous":[51],"models":[55,67],"are":[56,247],"vital":[57],"reducing":[59],"labor-intensive":[60],"tasks.":[61],"Machine":[62],"learning":[63,66,92,95,132,135,175,178],"deep":[65,94,134,177],"have":[68],"recently":[69],"been":[70],"introduced":[71],"to":[72,97,160,199,264],"automate":[73],"identification":[75],"plants":[77],"by":[78,163],"detecting":[79],"symptoms":[80],"on":[81],"their":[82],"leaves.":[83],"This":[84,103,156,184,250],"study":[85,186,251],"reviews":[86],"various":[87,189],"publications":[88],"that":[89],"use":[90],"machine":[91,131,174],"approaches":[96],"detect":[98],"crop":[101],"diseases.":[102],"review":[104,157,185,211],"provides":[105,252],"(i)":[106],"automated":[108,115],"system,":[112,120],"(ii)":[113],"wheat":[116,229,244],"leaf":[117,230],"rust":[118,231],"(iii)":[121],"publicly":[122],"available":[123],"datasets,":[126],"(iv)":[127],"overview":[129,215],"methods":[136,179],"detection,":[140,148,226],"(v)":[141],"remote":[142,234],"sensing":[143,235],"technology":[144],"(vi)":[150],"future":[151,241],"trends":[152],"research":[154],"directions.":[155],"contributing":[159],"the":[161,169,217,257],"literature":[162],"establishing":[164],"solid":[166],"foundation":[167],"development":[170,258],"more":[172],"valuable":[173],"detection.":[183],"critically":[187],"examines":[188],"problems,":[190],"including":[191],"model":[192],"generalization,":[193],"dataset":[194],"diversity,":[195],"computing":[197],"factors,":[198],"assist":[200],"prospective":[201],"researchers":[202],"developing":[204],"robust":[205],"scalable":[207],"solutions.":[208],"Additionally,":[209],"this":[210],"presented":[212],"detailed":[214],"limitations,":[218],"challenges,":[219],"recent":[221],"advancements":[222],"especially":[227],"technology.":[236],"Furthermore,":[237],"current":[238],"directions":[242],"thoroughly":[248],"discussed.":[249],"fundamental":[254],"guide":[255],"AI-driven":[260],"algorithms,":[261],"providing":[262],"strategies":[263],"enhance":[265],"production,":[266],"profitability,":[267],"sustainability":[269],"against":[270],"climate":[271],"change":[272],"population":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-18T08:16:58.900851","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}