{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409272221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4","title":"Pseudorandom number generators based on neural networks: a review","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generators based on neural networks: a review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409272221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075214284","display_name":"Xuguang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9168-0605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuguang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","Key Laboratory of Counter-Terrorism Command and Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9168-0605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Counter-Terrorism Command and Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066586188","display_name":"Yiliang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2116-5408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiliang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","Key Laboratory of Counter-Terrorism Command and Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Counter-Terrorism Command and Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Minqing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","Key Laboratory of Counter-Terrorism Command and Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Counter-Terrorism Command and Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102430818","display_name":"Shuaishuai Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ShuaiShuai Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","Key Laboratory of Counter-Terrorism Command and Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Counter-Terrorism Command and Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053746713","display_name":"Su Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-3114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423138","display_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-9413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yixuan Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134428","display_name":"Chinese People's Armed Police Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/031jzbb03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cryptography Engineering, Engineering University of People\u2019s Armed Police, Xi\u2019an, 710086, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066586188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210134428"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":6.177,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9693585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-number-generator","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","score":0.7446534037590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-generator-theorem","display_name":"Pseudorandom generator theorem","score":0.6123837232589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49712851643562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-seed","display_name":"Random seed","score":0.47083190083503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4343300759792328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandomness","display_name":"Pseudorandomness","score":0.4115350842475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3319554328918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2332967221736908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.7446534037590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180233235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7255475","display_name":"Pseudorandom generator theorem","level":4,"score":0.6123837232589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49712851643562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26263659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886131","display_name":"Random seed","level":3,"score":0.47083190083503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4343300759792328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19086982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115856","display_name":"Pseudorandomness","level":3,"score":0.4115350842475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3319554328918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2332967221736908}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2687789d6c8a4c9d85cee0e697f85b77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2687789d6c8a4c9d85cee0e697f85b77","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 37, Iss 3, Pp 1-27 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44443-025-00007-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764955546","display_name":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences","issn_l":"1319-1578","issn":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409272221.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409272221.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83403597","https://openalex.org/W140633939","https://openalex.org/W169946291","https://openalex.org/W1538218606","https://openalex.org/W1541446834","https://openalex.org/W1543918313","https://openalex.org/W1572027090","https://openalex.org/W1582278613","https://openalex.org/W1604889962","https://openalex.org/W1607798391","https://openalex.org/W1902539741","https://openalex.org/W1974973001","https://openalex.org/W1992313673","https://openalex.org/W1995347058","https://openalex.org/W1997083925","https://openalex.org/W2020736457","https://openalex.org/W2027811079","https://openalex.org/W2028374731","https://openalex.org/W2048434638","https://openalex.org/W2057913154","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2067878879","https://openalex.org/W2084966304","https://openalex.org/W2085759780","https://openalex.org/W2095595785","https://openalex.org/W2104428894","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2112997716","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2130139379","https://openalex.org/W2135275278","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2294673194","https://openalex.org/W2326237224","https://openalex.org/W2400700555","https://openalex.org/W2480301116","https://openalex.org/W2515665911","https://openalex.org/W2621604689","https://openalex.org/W2765886485","https://openalex.org/W2800109595","https://openalex.org/W2801571476","https://openalex.org/W2805480962","https://openalex.org/W2888524838","https://openalex.org/W2891687671","https://openalex.org/W2900190845","https://openalex.org/W2907490345","https://openalex.org/W2910903288","https://openalex.org/W2911293880","https://openalex.org/W2912083425","https://openalex.org/W2913096296","https://openalex.org/W2922323510","https://openalex.org/W2962889562","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2983730736","https://openalex.org/W2997851848","https://openalex.org/W3003226690","https://openalex.org/W3009976726","https://openalex.org/W3016464939","https://openalex.org/W3025165719","https://openalex.org/W3034237964","https://openalex.org/W3037741210","https://openalex.org/W3040215931","https://openalex.org/W3083281891","https://openalex.org/W3086151814","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3099111404","https://openalex.org/W3101334132","https://openalex.org/W3109388238","https://openalex.org/W3127104302","https://openalex.org/W3127217375","https://openalex.org/W3153091791","https://openalex.org/W3165605428","https://openalex.org/W3169066024","https://openalex.org/W3194082929","https://openalex.org/W3197555326","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4220846343","https://openalex.org/W4223908421","https://openalex.org/W4226336976","https://openalex.org/W4240267682","https://openalex.org/W4287997992","https://openalex.org/W4293198398","https://openalex.org/W4293204103","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W4298352377","https://openalex.org/W4300349690","https://openalex.org/W4316465010","https://openalex.org/W4367682491","https://openalex.org/W4378227351","https://openalex.org/W4380628074","https://openalex.org/W4381415997","https://openalex.org/W4382566490","https://openalex.org/W4385758550","https://openalex.org/W4386396979","https://openalex.org/W4388489631","https://openalex.org/W4390545429","https://openalex.org/W4394002346","https://openalex.org/W4396527226","https://openalex.org/W4399399244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W44435986","https://openalex.org/W4241950541","https://openalex.org/W2015880590","https://openalex.org/W1550606805","https://openalex.org/W4242117757","https://openalex.org/W2966058278","https://openalex.org/W2077146536","https://openalex.org/W2040623155","https://openalex.org/W2010238607","https://openalex.org/W2343905204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pseudorandom":[0],"number":[1],"generators":[2],"are":[3],"deterministic":[4],"algorithms":[5],"capable":[6],"of":[7,10,60,65,80,86],"producing":[8],"sequences":[9],"numbers":[11],"that":[12],"appear":[13],"sufficiently":[14],"\u201drandom,\u201d":[15],"and":[16,32,51,62,107,124,138,152],"they":[17],"find":[18],"extensive":[19],"applications":[20],"across":[21],"various":[22],"domains":[23],"such":[24,43,110],"as":[25,44,111],"cryptography,":[26],"network":[27,105],"security,":[28],"communications,":[29],"machine":[30],"learning,":[31],"gaming.":[33],"As":[34],"highly":[35],"nonlinear":[36],"mathematical":[37],"systems,":[38],"neural":[39,81,92,104],"networks":[40,82,122],"exhibit":[41],"characteristics":[42],"fitting":[45],"ability,":[46],"unidirectional":[47],"property,":[48],"generalization":[49],"capability,":[50],"parallelism,":[52],"which":[53],"render":[54],"them":[55],"prominent":[56],"in":[57],"the":[58,78,84,132,135,149],"design":[59,85,95,136],"PRNGs":[61],"a":[63],"topic":[64],"significant":[66],"research":[67,155],"interest.":[68],"To":[69],"date,":[70],"there":[71],"exists":[72],"no":[73],"comprehensive":[74],"review":[75],"focusing":[76],"on":[77,102,119,127],"utilization":[79],"for":[83],"PRNGs.":[87],"This":[88],"paper":[89,133],"categorizes":[90],"existing":[91,150],"network-based":[93],"PRNG":[94],"schemes":[96],"into":[97],"three":[98],"types:":[99],"those":[100,117,125],"based":[101,118,126],"recurrent":[103],"models":[106],"their":[108],"variants,":[109],"Long":[112],"Short-Term":[113],"Memory":[114],"(LSTM)":[115],"models;":[116],"generative":[120],"adversarial":[121],"(GANs);":[123],"deep":[128],"reinforcement":[129],"learning.":[130],"Subsequently,":[131],"elucidates":[134],"philosophies":[137],"typical":[139],"algorithmic":[140],"principles":[141],"underlying":[142],"these":[143,146],"schemes,":[144],"compares":[145],"algorithms,":[147],"summarizes":[148],"challenges,":[151],"discusses":[153],"prospective":[154],"directions.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}