{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410719308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1","title":"Integrating AI into ADHD Therapy: Insights from ChatGPT-4o and Robotic Assistants","display_name":"Integrating AI into ADHD Therapy: Insights from ChatGPT-4o and Robotic Assistants","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410719308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207486","display_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2667-1336","issn":["2667-1336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034397189","display_name":"Jonnathan Berrezueta-Guzm\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-2056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41121874","display_name":"Heilbronn University","ror":"https://ror.org/04g5gcg95","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41121874"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Santiago Berrezueta-Guzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Software Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Bildungscampus 2, 74076, Heilbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-2056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Software Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Bildungscampus 2, 74076, Heilbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41121874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094196099","display_name":"Mohanad Kandil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9713-098X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41121874","display_name":"Heilbronn University","ror":"https://ror.org/04g5gcg95","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41121874"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanad Kandil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Software Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Bildungscampus 2, 74076, Heilbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Software Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Bildungscampus 2, 74076, Heilbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41121874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041829889","display_name":"Stefan Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-8429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41121874","display_name":"Heilbronn University","ror":"https://ror.org/04g5gcg95","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41121874"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Software Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Bildungscampus 2, 74076, Heilbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Software Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Bildungscampus 2, 74076, Heilbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41121874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034397189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41121874"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0051,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96841985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"230","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4496312141418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapist","display_name":"Psychotherapist","score":0.37391626834869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3438555896282196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2748006284236908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4496312141418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.37391626834869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3438555896282196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2748006284236908}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207486","display_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2667-1336","issn":["2667-1336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:30cb1e3462b641e08d33896dc9b369ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/30cb1e3462b641e08d33896dc9b369ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 230-245 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44230-025-00099-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207486","display_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2667-1336","issn":["2667-1336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410719308.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410719308.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995992667","https://openalex.org/W2054090181","https://openalex.org/W2099249232","https://openalex.org/W2128561111","https://openalex.org/W2129955735","https://openalex.org/W2153041122","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2963263619","https://openalex.org/W2979827051","https://openalex.org/W2985355520","https://openalex.org/W3004193878","https://openalex.org/W3014142829","https://openalex.org/W3014688515","https://openalex.org/W3038287571","https://openalex.org/W3119530698","https://openalex.org/W3124457268","https://openalex.org/W3134295758","https://openalex.org/W3138146574","https://openalex.org/W3174340044","https://openalex.org/W3176781357","https://openalex.org/W4206427013","https://openalex.org/W4224234075","https://openalex.org/W4285175904","https://openalex.org/W4294559022","https://openalex.org/W4315471682","https://openalex.org/W4323025178","https://openalex.org/W4323657263","https://openalex.org/W4324380807","https://openalex.org/W4361301269","https://openalex.org/W4378882711","https://openalex.org/W4386117324","https://openalex.org/W4387859781","https://openalex.org/W4389201797","https://openalex.org/W4391697555","https://openalex.org/W4391812909","https://openalex.org/W4392382909","https://openalex.org/W4392970427","https://openalex.org/W4394623252","https://openalex.org/W4394875731","https://openalex.org/W4395090284","https://openalex.org/W4400909709","https://openalex.org/W4403416402","https://openalex.org/W4404239541","https://openalex.org/W4407128470","https://openalex.org/W4407697009","https://openalex.org/W4410297195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W4220667126","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W3006817050","https://openalex.org/W4401768695","https://openalex.org/W2765597752","https://openalex.org/W2134894512","https://openalex.org/W2083375246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Traditional":[1],"attention-deficit/hyperactivity":[2],"disorder":[3],"(ADHD)":[4],"interventions":[5],"often":[6],"struggle":[7],"with":[8,63,173],"scalability,":[9],"requiring":[10],"significant":[11],"human":[12],"resources":[13],"to":[14,32,46,66,87,103,206,213],"ensure":[15],"individualized":[16],"attention":[17,163],"and":[18,53,70,94,107,131,167,180,196,209],"real-time":[19,84],"adaptability,":[20],"as":[21,186],"many":[22],"existing":[23],"tools":[24],"rely":[25],"on":[26],"fixed":[27],"content":[28],"that":[29],"cannot":[30],"adjust":[31],"fluctuating":[33],"user":[34,121],"behaviors.":[35],"Additionally,":[36],"most":[37],"current":[38],"methods":[39],"lack":[40],"multi-modal":[41],"interaction,":[42],"limiting":[43],"their":[44],"ability":[45],"engage":[47],"children":[48],"effectively":[49],"across":[50,119],"speech,":[51],"text,":[52],"visual":[54],"feedback.":[55],"This":[56],"study":[57],"explores":[58],"the":[59],"integration":[60],"of":[61,136,151],"ChatGPT-4o":[62,81],"robotic":[64,113],"assistants":[65],"enhance":[67],"personalization,":[68,195],"engagement,":[69,194],"adaptability":[71],"in":[72,128,134,162,169],"ADHD":[73,191],"therapy.":[74],"Unlike":[75],"pre-scripted":[76],"or":[77],"static":[78],"therapy":[79],"tools,":[80],"enables":[82],"dynamic,":[83],"interactions":[85,130],"tailored":[86,129],"individual":[88],"needs,":[89],"providing":[90],"a":[91,124,187],"more":[92],"engaging":[93],"adaptable":[95],"therapeutic":[96,109,216],"experience.":[97],"The":[98],"results":[99,183],"validate":[100],"its":[101],"potential":[102,160],"deliver":[104],"personalized,":[105],"scalable,":[106],"responsive":[108],"support":[110],"through":[111],"AI-driven":[112,215],"assistants.":[114],"Technical":[115],"validation":[116],"demonstrated":[117],"inclusivity":[118],"diverse":[120],"profiles,":[122],"achieving":[123],"93%":[125],"success":[126],"rate":[127],"maintaining":[132],"stability":[133],"91%":[135],"extreme":[137],"input":[138],"scenarios.":[139],"Cross-platform":[140],"tests":[141],"confirmed":[142],"high":[143,174],"accuracy,":[144],"while":[145],"scalability":[146],"assessments":[147],"validated":[148],"effective":[149],"handling":[150],"multi-user":[152],"interactions.":[153],"Clinical":[154],"evaluations":[155],"over":[156],"eight":[157],"weeks":[158],"indicated":[159],"improvements":[161],"span":[164],"(+":[165],"28%)":[166],"reductions":[168],"hyperactivity":[170],"(\u2212":[171],"22%),":[172],"satisfaction":[175],"ratings":[176],"from":[177],"therapists,":[178],"caregivers,":[179],"teachers.":[181],"These":[182],"establish":[184],"ChatGPT":[185],"promising":[188],"tool":[189],"for":[190,202],"therapy,":[192],"enhancing":[193],"scalability.":[197],"Future":[198],"directions":[199],"include":[200],"optimizing":[201],"younger":[203],"users,":[204],"deploying":[205],"real-world":[207],"environments,":[208],"further":[210],"interdisciplinary":[211],"advancements":[212],"refine":[214],"solutions.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}