{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409401492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5","title":"Combining Handcrafted Spatio-Temporal and Deep Spatial Features for Effective Human Action Recognition","display_name":"Combining Handcrafted Spatio-Temporal and Deep Spatial Features for Effective Human Action Recognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409401492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207486","display_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2667-1336","issn":["2667-1336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104099267","display_name":"R. Divya Rani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178319760","display_name":"Kuvempu University","ror":"https://ror.org/014arsg56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178319760"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Divya Rani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Computer Science, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shimoga, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Computer Science, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shimoga, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178319760"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006009590","display_name":"C. J. Prabhakar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178319760","display_name":"Kuvempu University","ror":"https://ror.org/014arsg56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178319760"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. J. Prabhakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Computer Science, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shimoga, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Computer Science, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shimoga, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178319760"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104099267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178319760"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.419,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88401755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"123","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-recognition","display_name":"Action recognition","score":0.6972078084945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6695998907089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6337850689888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5551542639732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.406768798828125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.6972078084945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6695998907089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6337850689888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5551542639732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.406768798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207486","display_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2667-1336","issn":["2667-1336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fccdaff879254cd180aab78131e8a91a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fccdaff879254cd180aab78131e8a91a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 123-150 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44230-025-00095-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207486","display_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2667-1336","issn":["2667-1336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409401492.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409401492.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W413992410","https://openalex.org/W1503780554","https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W1576893423","https://openalex.org/W1967688172","https://openalex.org/W1976949450","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W1993229407","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2024868105","https://openalex.org/W2055846239","https://openalex.org/W2068611653","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2108333036","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109761267","https://openalex.org/W2110350792","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2119058675","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2119799051","https://openalex.org/W2126579184","https://openalex.org/W2129214397","https://openalex.org/W2131782701","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2142194269","https://openalex.org/W2145104498","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2156303437","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2200310384","https://openalex.org/W2294965852","https://openalex.org/W2396672726","https://openalex.org/W2535977253","https://openalex.org/W2546595953","https://openalex.org/W2553594924","https://openalex.org/W2605612462","https://openalex.org/W2607101357","https://openalex.org/W2611904744","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2736596806","https://openalex.org/W2763425956","https://openalex.org/W2770520015","https://openalex.org/W2792766578","https://openalex.org/W2934215442","https://openalex.org/W2949236880","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2963886665","https://openalex.org/W2969328148","https://openalex.org/W2992424090","https://openalex.org/W3021964044","https://openalex.org/W3046891004","https://openalex.org/W3109128137","https://openalex.org/W3135644512","https://openalex.org/W3173590174","https://openalex.org/W3197296285","https://openalex.org/W3203384343","https://openalex.org/W4211217051","https://openalex.org/W4238804468","https://openalex.org/W4288279132","https://openalex.org/W4297697565","https://openalex.org/W4300939921","https://openalex.org/W4324080648","https://openalex.org/W4396949343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W1576128429","https://openalex.org/W2269464716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Human":[1],"action":[2,38,78,90,179,233],"recognition":[3,91,234],"research":[4,82],"has":[5],"become":[6],"increasingly":[7],"sophisticated":[8],"in":[9,16,77,111,232],"recent":[10],"years":[11],"because":[12],"it":[13],"is":[14,71,183],"applied":[15],"many":[17],"different":[18],"applications":[19],"like":[20],"surveillance,":[21],"sports":[22],"analysis,":[23],"robotics,":[24],"etc.":[25],"Many":[26],"approaches":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29],"put":[30],"up":[31],"to":[32,61,147,174],"solve":[33],"the":[34,68,86,144,155,166,175,207],"problem":[35,87],"of":[36,43,88,163,216],"human":[37,89,109],"recognition,":[39],"but":[40],"a":[41,75,104,138],"number":[42],"challenges,":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"occlusions,":[47],"background":[48],"clutter,":[49],"environmental":[50],"variations,":[51],"camera":[52],"motion,":[53],"and":[54,56,66,132,146,172,192,210,223],"intra-":[55],"inter-class":[57],"similarities,":[58],"still":[59],"need":[60],"be":[62],"resolved.":[63],"Effectively":[64],"collecting":[65],"combining":[67,93,114],"spatial\u2013temporal":[69],"information":[70],"essential":[72],"for":[73,107,160,178,218,221,225],"describing":[74],"video":[76,112],"recognition.":[79,180],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[83],"we":[84,153],"address":[85],"by":[92,113,120],"handcrafted":[94,115],"spatio-temporal":[95,116],"features":[96,118,135],"with":[97],"deep":[98,133],"spatial":[99,134],"features.":[100,164],"This":[101],"paper":[102],"proposes":[103],"novel":[105],"method":[106,198],"recognizing":[108],"actions":[110],"texture":[117],"extracted":[119,136],"our":[121],"proposed":[122,196],"feature":[123,151,168],"descriptor,":[124],"Volume":[125],"Local":[126],"Derivative":[127],"Gradient":[128],"Ternary":[129],"Patterns":[130],"(VLDGTP),":[131],"from":[137],"modified":[139],"Inception-v4":[140],"network.":[141],"To":[142],"reduce":[143],"dimension":[145],"get":[148],"equal":[149],"sized":[150],"vectors,":[152],"employed":[154],"PCA":[156],"dimensionality":[157],"reduction":[158],"technique":[159],"both":[161],"types":[162],"Then":[165],"dimensionality-reduced":[167],"vectors":[169],"are":[170],"combined":[171],"passed":[173],"SVM":[176],"classifier":[177],"Extensive":[181],"experimentation":[182],"carried":[184],"out":[185],"on":[186,206],"three":[187],"benchmark":[188],"datasets:":[189],"KTH,":[190,208,219],"UCF-101,":[191,209,222],"HMDB-51":[193,211,226],"datasets.":[194],"Our":[195],"HAR":[197,204],"(VLDGTP":[199],"+":[200],"DEEP_FEATURES)":[201],"outperforms":[202],"existing":[203],"methods":[205],"datasets,":[212],"achieving":[213],"an":[214],"accuracy":[215],"98.33%":[217],"97.10%":[220],"87.50%":[224],"dataset,":[227],"demonstrating":[228],"its":[229],"superior":[230],"performance":[231],"tasks.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}